1 00:00:34,618 --> 00:00:36,120 >> HEY, EVERYONE. 2 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:39,522 >> HEY, EVERYONE. I HOPE YOU’VE ALL HAD A SAFE AND 3 00:00:39,522 --> 00:00:39,956 I HOPE YOU’VE ALL HAD A SAFE AND HAPPY THANKSGIVING. 4 00:00:39,956 --> 00:00:45,895 HAPPY THANKSGIVING. AS YOU ALL KNOW, WE ARE IN THE 5 00:00:45,895 --> 00:00:46,763 AS YOU ALL KNOW, WE ARE IN THE CASES, SO I’M GRATEFUL TO 6 00:00:46,763 --> 00:00:49,098 CASES, SO I’M GRATEFUL TO DR. FAUCI BOTH FOR HIS 7 00:00:49,098 --> 00:00:51,434 DR. FAUCI BOTH FOR HIS LEADERSHIP SO FAR DURING THIS 8 00:00:51,434 --> 00:00:52,468 LEADERSHIP SO FAR DURING THIS PANDEMIC BUT ALSO FOR JOINING US 9 00:00:52,468 --> 00:00:53,603 PANDEMIC BUT ALSO FOR JOINING US TODAY TO DISCUSS WHERE WE GO 10 00:00:53,603 --> 00:00:54,804 TODAY TO DISCUSS WHERE WE GO FROM HERE. 11 00:00:54,804 --> 00:00:57,107 FROM HERE. AND HOW YOU CAN ALL STAY SAFE 12 00:00:57,107 --> 00:00:58,174 AND HOW YOU CAN ALL STAY SAFE WE’RE ALSO GOING TO SPEND A LOT 13 00:00:58,174 --> 00:01:00,878 WE’RE ALSO GOING TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME DISCUSSING POTENTIAL 14 00:01:00,878 --> 00:01:01,844 OF TIME DISCUSSING POTENTIAL VACCINES AND ALL OF YOUR 15 00:01:01,844 --> 00:01:03,446 VACCINES AND ALL OF YOUR QUESTIONS AROUND THOSE. 16 00:01:03,446 --> 00:01:06,015 QUESTIONS AROUND THOSE. SO FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NOT 17 00:01:06,015 --> 00:01:08,151 SO FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE NOT FAMILIAR, DR. FAUCI IS OUR 18 00:01:08,151 --> 00:01:10,253 FAMILIAR, DR. FAUCI IS OUR NATION’S LEADING INFECTIOUS 19 00:01:10,253 --> 00:01:10,620 NATION’S LEADING INFECTIOUS DISEASE EXPERT. 20 00:01:10,620 --> 00:01:14,223 DISEASE EXPERT. HE RUNS THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE 21 00:01:14,223 --> 00:01:15,526 HE RUNS THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGIES AND INFECTIOUS 22 00:01:15,526 --> 00:01:17,560 FOR ALLERGIES AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE, SO THANK YOU DR. FAUCI 23 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:18,494 DISEASE, SO THANK YOU DR. FAUCI FOR JOINING TODAY AND I’M HOPING 24 00:01:18,494 --> 00:01:23,366 FOR JOINING TODAY AND I’M HOPING THAT MAYBE YOU CAN SENSE OF THE 25 00:01:23,366 --> 00:01:24,000 THAT MAYBE YOU CAN SENSE OF THE TRAJECTORY. 26 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,002 TRAJECTORY. THERE ALMOST 200,000 REPORTED% 27 00:01:26,002 --> 00:01:28,071 THERE ALMOST 200,000 REPORTED% CASES IN THE U.S. EVERY DAY NOW 28 00:01:28,071 --> 00:01:29,673 CASES IN THE U.S. EVERY DAY NOW AND THAT MAY UNDERCOUNT SOME 29 00:01:29,673 --> 00:01:31,308 AND THAT MAY UNDERCOUNT SOME CASES THAT ARE NOT REPORTED, SO 30 00:01:31,308 --> 00:01:33,543 CASES THAT ARE NOT REPORTED, SO WHERE ARE WE IN THIS, AND WHAT 31 00:01:33,543 --> 00:01:35,812 WHERE ARE WE IN THIS, AND WHAT DO YOU THINK THE OVERALL 32 00:01:35,812 --> 00:01:36,413 DO YOU THINK THE OVERALL INFECTION RATE AND TRAJECTORY 33 00:01:36,413 --> 00:01:40,351 INFECTION RATE AND TRAJECTORY LOOKS LIKE AT THIS POINT? 34 00:01:40,351 --> 00:01:41,184 LOOKS LIKE AT THIS POINT? >> WELL, MARK, THANKS TO THAT 35 00:01:41,184 --> 00:01:41,651 >> WELL, MARK, THANKS TO THAT QUESTION. 36 00:01:41,651 --> 00:01:43,019 QUESTION. IT’S IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE ARE 37 00:01:43,019 --> 00:01:44,220 IT’S IMPORTANT BECAUSE WE ARE REALLY IN A PRECARIOUS 38 00:01:44,220 --> 00:01:44,487 REALLY IN A PRECARIOUS SITUATION. 39 00:01:44,487 --> 00:01:48,558 SITUATION. WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS, 40 00:01:48,558 --> 00:01:49,259 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBERS, ALMOST EVERY DAY EITHER BREAKS A 41 00:01:49,259 --> 00:01:53,596 ALMOST EVERY DAY EITHER BREAKS A RECORD OR TIES A RECORD OF 42 00:01:53,596 --> 00:01:54,130 RECORD OR TIES A RECORD OF CASES. 43 00:01:54,130 --> 00:01:57,567 CASES. TO HAVE A BASELINE OF BETWEEN 44 00:01:57,567 --> 00:01:58,134 TO HAVE A BASELINE OF BETWEEN 100,200,000 CASES A DAY IS 45 00:01:58,134 --> 00:01:58,434 100,200,000 CASES A DAY IS EXTRAORDINARY 46 00:01:59,202 --> 00:02:01,572 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBER OF 47 00:02:01,572 --> 00:02:05,541 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE NUMBER OF DEATHS BETWEEN 1,002,000, WE ARE 48 00:02:05,541 --> 00:02:06,509 DEATHS BETWEEN 1,002,000, WE ARE NOW OVER 90,000 HOSPITALIZATIONS 49 00:02:08,278 --> 00:02:09,412 THE TOTAL OF THE OUTBREAK IS 50 00:02:09,412 --> 00:02:12,148 THE TOTAL OF THE OUTBREAK IS OVER A QUARTER OF A MILLION 51 00:02:12,148 --> 00:02:14,784 OVER A QUARTER OF A MILLION DEATHS. 52 00:02:14,784 --> 00:02:17,487 DEATHS. 266,000 DEATHS AND OVER 53 00:02:17,487 --> 00:02:17,887 266,000 DEATHS AND OVER 13 MILLION CASES. 54 00:02:17,887 --> 00:02:20,823 13 MILLION CASES. IF YOU ASK, AND YOU DID, ABOUT 55 00:02:20,823 --> 00:02:24,395 IF YOU ASK, AND YOU DID, ABOUT THE TRAJECTORY, WHEN WE HAD THE 56 00:02:24,395 --> 00:02:28,098 THE TRAJECTORY, WHEN WE HAD THE SPRING IN MARCH AND APRIL WHEN 57 00:02:28,098 --> 00:02:31,200 SPRING IN MARCH AND APRIL WHEN IT WAS DOMINATED, THE OUTBREAK, 58 00:02:31,200 --> 00:02:32,603 IT WAS DOMINATED, THE OUTBREAK, BY THE NORTHEASTERN CORRIDOR, 59 00:02:32,603 --> 00:02:33,169 BY THE NORTHEASTERN CORRIDOR, PARTICULARLY THE NEW YORK 60 00:02:33,169 --> 00:02:34,637 PARTICULARLY THE NEW YORK METROPOLITAN AREA, THE SLOPE OF 61 00:02:34,637 --> 00:02:35,271 METROPOLITAN AREA, THE SLOPE OF THE CURVE WAS LIKE THIS. 62 00:02:35,271 --> 00:02:38,775 THE CURVE WAS LIKE THIS. WHEN WE GOT TO BE EARLY SUMMER 63 00:02:38,775 --> 00:02:39,376 WHEN WE GOT TO BE EARLY SUMMER WHEN THE SOUTHERN STATES TRIED 64 00:02:39,376 --> 00:02:41,511 WHEN THE SOUTHERN STATES TRIED TO OPEN THE ECONOMY AND DID IT 65 00:02:41,511 --> 00:02:44,280 TO OPEN THE ECONOMY AND DID IT IN SOMEWHAT OF A DISPARATE WAY, 66 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:49,420 IN SOMEWHAT OF A DISPARATE WAY, WE HAD A SEARCHING OF CASES IN 67 00:02:49,420 --> 00:02:49,919 WE HAD A SEARCHING OF CASES IN FLORIDA, GEORGIA, TEXAS, 68 00:02:49,919 --> 00:02:52,255 FLORIDA, GEORGIA, TEXAS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA 69 00:02:52,255 --> 00:02:54,924 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA AND THE SLOPE WAS STILL LIKE 70 00:02:54,924 --> 00:02:56,092 AND THE SLOPE WAS STILL LIKE THIS. 71 00:02:56,092 --> 00:02:57,560 THIS. OUR BASELINE WAS BETWEEN 40 AND 72 00:02:57,560 --> 00:03:00,130 OUR BASELINE WAS BETWEEN 40 AND 60,000 CASES A DAY. 73 00:03:00,130 --> 00:03:03,299 60,000 CASES A DAY. WHAT WE ARE SEEING NOW, WHICH IS 74 00:03:03,299 --> 00:03:05,369 WHAT WE ARE SEEING NOW, WHICH IS A CONFLUENCE OF ENTERING INTO 75 00:03:05,369 --> 00:03:06,537 A CONFLUENCE OF ENTERING INTO THE COOLER MONTHS OF THE LATE 76 00:03:06,537 --> 00:03:07,970 THE COOLER MONTHS OF THE LATE FALL IN THE EARLY WINTER, THE 77 00:03:07,970 --> 00:03:09,807 FALL IN THE EARLY WINTER, THE HOLIDAY SEASON WHERE PEOPLE 78 00:03:09,807 --> 00:03:13,609 HOLIDAY SEASON WHERE PEOPLE CONGREGATE ON INDOOR SETTINGS, 79 00:03:13,609 --> 00:03:14,878 CONGREGATE ON INDOOR SETTINGS, WONDERFUL, INNOCENT THINGS THAT 80 00:03:14,878 --> 00:03:17,580 WONDERFUL, INNOCENT THINGS THAT WE DO SOCIALLY WITH OUR FAMILY 81 00:03:17,580 --> 00:03:19,716 WE DO SOCIALLY WITH OUR FAMILY AND OUR FRIENDS HAVING MEALS AND 82 00:03:19,716 --> 00:03:20,350 AND OUR FRIENDS HAVING MEALS AND CONGREGATE SETTINGS. 83 00:03:20,350 --> 00:03:21,017 CONGREGATE SETTINGS. THE SLOPE HAS DONE THIS. 84 00:03:21,017 --> 00:03:22,786 THE SLOPE HAS DONE THIS. IT’S ON AN INCREMENT THAT IS 85 00:03:22,786 --> 00:03:25,988 IT’S ON AN INCREMENT THAT IS ALMOST EXPONENTIAL, WHICH IS 86 00:03:25,988 --> 00:03:29,259 ALMOST EXPONENTIAL, WHICH IS REALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION TO BE 87 00:03:29,259 --> 00:03:32,029 REALLY DANGEROUS SITUATION TO BE IN, PARTICULARLY AS WE GET 88 00:03:32,029 --> 00:03:33,229 IN, PARTICULARLY AS WE GET DEEPER AND DEEPER INTO THE COLD 89 00:03:33,229 --> 00:03:35,698 DEEPER AND DEEPER INTO THE COLD MONTHS OF THE WINTER AND WE HAVE 90 00:03:35,698 --> 00:03:38,034 MONTHS OF THE WINTER AND WE HAVE THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY COMING UP. 91 00:03:38,034 --> 00:03:41,171 THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY COMING UP. SO YOU ASK A REASONABLE 92 00:03:41,171 --> 00:03:41,571 SO YOU ASK A REASONABLE QUESTION. 93 00:03:41,571 --> 00:03:43,707 QUESTION. THE TRAJECTORY IS WE ARE IN A 94 00:03:43,707 --> 00:03:44,807 THE TRAJECTORY IS WE ARE IN A VERY PRECARIOUS POSITION. 95 00:03:44,807 --> 00:03:46,609 VERY PRECARIOUS POSITION. SO THE OBVIOUS QUESTION IS, WHAT 96 00:03:46,609 --> 00:03:49,379 SO THE OBVIOUS QUESTION IS, WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? 97 00:03:49,379 --> 00:03:50,379 ARE WE GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? YOU MENTIONED VACCINES. 98 00:03:50,379 --> 00:03:52,949 YOU MENTIONED VACCINES. WE WILL TALK ABOUT THAT LATER. 99 00:03:52,949 --> 00:03:53,650 WE WILL TALK ABOUT THAT LATER. THAT’S ON THE HORIZON, BUT 100 00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:55,486 THAT’S ON THE HORIZON, BUT BEFORE WE GET VACCINES, WE ARE 101 00:03:55,486 --> 00:03:57,554 BEFORE WE GET VACCINES, WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO DEAL WITH 102 00:03:57,554 --> 00:04:01,391 GOING TO HAVE TO DEAL WITH SOMETHING THAT IS VERY -- YOU 103 00:04:01,391 --> 00:04:02,025 SOMETHING THAT IS VERY -- YOU KNOW, IT’S LITERALLY 104 00:04:02,025 --> 00:04:02,659 KNOW, IT’S LITERALLY RECORD-BREAKING EVERY DAY. 105 00:04:02,659 --> 00:04:06,896 RECORD-BREAKING EVERY DAY. SO WHAT WE HAVE IS MAYBE FIVE 106 00:04:06,896 --> 00:04:08,131 SO WHAT WE HAVE IS MAYBE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH 107 00:04:08,131 --> 00:04:10,533 FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES THAT ARE PRETTY EASY TO 108 00:04:10,533 --> 00:04:11,000 MEASURES THAT ARE PRETTY EASY TO IMPLEMENT. 109 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:11,801 IMPLEMENT. UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS, 110 00:04:11,801 --> 00:04:13,903 UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS, KEEPING PHYSICAL DISTANCE, 111 00:04:13,903 --> 00:04:15,872 KEEPING PHYSICAL DISTANCE, 6 FEET IF YOU CAN POSSIBLY DO 112 00:04:15,872 --> 00:04:17,875 6 FEET IF YOU CAN POSSIBLY DO THAT. 113 00:04:17,875 --> 00:04:20,443 THAT. AVOIDING CROWDS AND CONGREGATE 114 00:04:20,443 --> 00:04:21,078 AVOIDING CROWDS AND CONGREGATE SETTINGS, PARTICULARLY INDOORS, 115 00:04:21,078 --> 00:04:24,113 SETTINGS, PARTICULARLY INDOORS, AND THAT MEANS TYPICAL THINGS 116 00:04:24,113 --> 00:04:25,815 AND THAT MEANS TYPICAL THINGS LIKE GATHERINGS IN RESTAURANTS, 117 00:04:25,815 --> 00:04:27,683 LIKE GATHERINGS IN RESTAURANTS, GATHERINGS AT HOMES WHERE PEOPLE 118 00:04:27,683 --> 00:04:28,418 GATHERINGS AT HOMES WHERE PEOPLE OTHER THAN THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY 119 00:04:28,418 --> 00:04:30,953 OTHER THAN THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY UNIT ARE TOGETHER. 120 00:04:30,953 --> 00:04:34,257 UNIT ARE TOGETHER. THE REASON WE SAY THAT IS THAT 121 00:04:34,257 --> 00:04:36,392 THE REASON WE SAY THAT IS THAT THE INFECTION IN A COMMUNITY 122 00:04:36,392 --> 00:04:37,760 THE INFECTION IN A COMMUNITY LEVEL NOW IS DRIVEN BY PEOPLE 123 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:40,163 LEVEL NOW IS DRIVEN BY PEOPLE WHO ARE WITHOUT SYMPTOMS, 124 00:04:40,163 --> 00:04:41,331 WHO ARE WITHOUT SYMPTOMS, BECAUSE ABOUT 40-45% OF THE 125 00:04:41,331 --> 00:04:44,100 BECAUSE ABOUT 40-45% OF THE PEOPLE WHO ARE INFECTED HAVE NO 126 00:04:44,100 --> 00:04:45,602 PEOPLE WHO ARE INFECTED HAVE NO SYMPTOMS, AND WE KNOW THAT A 127 00:04:45,602 --> 00:04:46,669 SYMPTOMS, AND WE KNOW THAT A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE 128 00:04:46,669 --> 00:04:49,572 SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE PEOPLE WHO GET INFECTED GET 129 00:04:49,572 --> 00:04:50,340 PEOPLE WHO GET INFECTED GET INFECTED FROM SOMEONE DOESN’T 130 00:04:50,340 --> 00:04:53,010 INFECTED FROM SOMEONE DOESN’T EVEN KNOW THEIR INFECTED. 131 00:04:53,010 --> 00:04:53,643 EVEN KNOW THEIR INFECTED. THAT’S ONE OF THE REASONS FOR 132 00:04:53,643 --> 00:04:55,845 THAT’S ONE OF THE REASONS FOR THE UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS. 133 00:04:55,845 --> 00:04:58,147 THE UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS. I WEAR A MASK NOT ONLY TO 134 00:04:58,147 --> 00:04:59,816 I WEAR A MASK NOT ONLY TO PROTECT MYSELF BUT PREVENT ME 135 00:04:59,816 --> 00:05:01,217 PROTECT MYSELF BUT PREVENT ME FROM INFECTING YOU AND YOU WEAR 136 00:05:01,217 --> 00:05:03,686 FROM INFECTING YOU AND YOU WEAR A MASK FOR THE SAME REASON FOR 137 00:05:03,686 --> 00:05:03,853 A MASK FOR THE SAME REASON FOR ME. 138 00:05:03,853 --> 00:05:07,924 ME. THE OTHER THING IS TO TRY TO DO 139 00:05:07,924 --> 00:05:08,559 THE OTHER THING IS TO TRY TO DO THINGS OUTDOORS PREFERENTIALLY 140 00:05:08,559 --> 00:05:09,792 THINGS OUTDOORS PREFERENTIALLY OVER INDOORS. 141 00:05:09,792 --> 00:05:10,393 OVER INDOORS. THAT’S GOING TO BE TOUGH WHEN 142 00:05:10,393 --> 00:05:13,363 THAT’S GOING TO BE TOUGH WHEN YOU’RE DEALING WITH STATES IN 143 00:05:13,363 --> 00:05:14,697 YOU’RE DEALING WITH STATES IN THE NORTHEASTERN PARTS, CENTRAL 144 00:05:14,697 --> 00:05:15,798 THE NORTHEASTERN PARTS, CENTRAL PART OF THE COUNTRY. 145 00:05:15,798 --> 00:05:17,267 PART OF THE COUNTRY. I MEAN, YOU’RE NOT GOING TO BE 146 00:05:17,267 --> 00:05:18,401 I MEAN, YOU’RE NOT GOING TO BE DOING MANY THINGS OUTDOORS IN 147 00:05:18,401 --> 00:05:19,535 DOING MANY THINGS OUTDOORS IN DECEMBER IN MINNESOTA. 148 00:05:19,535 --> 00:05:21,571 DECEMBER IN MINNESOTA. THAT’S FOR SURE. 149 00:05:21,571 --> 00:05:23,806 THAT’S FOR SURE. BUT WE NEED TO TRY AND DO THAT 150 00:05:23,806 --> 00:05:24,841 BUT WE NEED TO TRY AND DO THAT AS BEST AS POSSIBLE. 151 00:05:24,841 --> 00:05:26,242 AS BEST AS POSSIBLE. IF WE DO THOSE FIVE THINGS WITH 152 00:05:26,242 --> 00:05:27,744 IF WE DO THOSE FIVE THINGS WITH HAND WASHING BEING THE FIFTH 153 00:05:27,744 --> 00:05:30,079 HAND WASHING BEING THE FIFTH THING, WE KNOW WHEN YOU HAVE ONE 154 00:05:30,079 --> 00:05:33,616 THING, WE KNOW WHEN YOU HAVE ONE STATE NEXT TO ANOTHER AND YOU 155 00:05:33,616 --> 00:05:34,884 STATE NEXT TO ANOTHER AND YOU HAVE DISPARATE IMPLEMENTATION OF 156 00:05:34,884 --> 00:05:38,755 HAVE DISPARATE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURING, YOUR 157 00:05:38,755 --> 00:05:41,657 PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURING, YOUR YOUNGONE STATE DOES NOT UNIFORM 158 00:05:41,657 --> 00:05:44,127 YOUNGONE STATE DOES NOT UNIFORM MASKS, DOESN’T CLOSE BARS, HAS 159 00:05:44,127 --> 00:05:45,561 MASKS, DOESN’T CLOSE BARS, HAS FULL CAPACITY IN RESTAURANTS AND 160 00:05:45,561 --> 00:05:46,796 FULL CAPACITY IN RESTAURANTS AND COMPARE IT TO A SIMILAR 161 00:05:46,796 --> 00:05:47,697 COMPARE IT TO A SIMILAR DEMOGRAPHICALLY AND 162 00:05:47,697 --> 00:05:49,765 DEMOGRAPHICALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY SIMILAR STATE 163 00:05:49,765 --> 00:05:53,002 GEOGRAPHICALLY SIMILAR STATE THAT DOES ALL THOSE THINGS, THAT 164 00:05:53,002 --> 00:05:54,538 THAT DOES ALL THOSE THINGS, THAT HAS UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS, 165 00:05:54,538 --> 00:05:55,004 HAS UNIFORM WEARING OF MASKS, MAYBE EVEN A MANDATE. 166 00:05:55,004 --> 00:05:58,407 MAYBE EVEN A MANDATE. DOESN’T HAVE BARS OPEN, HAS 167 00:05:58,407 --> 00:05:59,608 DOESN’T HAVE BARS OPEN, HAS LIMITED CAPACITY IN RESTAURANTS 168 00:05:59,608 --> 00:06:01,778 LIMITED CAPACITY IN RESTAURANTS AND IT ESSENTIALLY HAS PUBLIC 169 00:06:01,778 --> 00:06:02,144 AND IT ESSENTIALLY HAS PUBLIC HEALTH MANDATE. 170 00:06:02,144 --> 00:06:06,049 HEALTH MANDATE. THE DIFFERENCE IN HOW THAT 171 00:06:06,049 --> 00:06:09,652 THE DIFFERENCE IN HOW THAT INCREMENT GOES IS THIS VERSUS 172 00:06:09,652 --> 00:06:09,852 INCREMENT GOES IS THIS VERSUS THAT. 173 00:06:09,852 --> 00:06:11,053 THAT. SO THERE IS SOMETHING THAT WE 174 00:06:11,053 --> 00:06:11,955 SO THERE IS SOMETHING THAT WE CAN DO. 175 00:06:11,955 --> 00:06:13,357 CAN DO. WE HAVE IT WITHIN OUR POWER TO 176 00:06:13,357 --> 00:06:16,193 WE HAVE IT WITHIN OUR POWER TO GET OURSELVES THROUGH THIS UNTIL 177 00:06:16,193 --> 00:06:17,693 GET OURSELVES THROUGH THIS UNTIL WE ULTIMATELY GET A VACCINE, 178 00:06:17,693 --> 00:06:19,028 WE ULTIMATELY GET A VACCINE, WHICH WOULD BE, AS YOU SAY, HELP 179 00:06:19,028 --> 00:06:22,366 WHICH WOULD BE, AS YOU SAY, HELP IS ON THE WAY, BUT IT’S NOT HERE 180 00:06:22,366 --> 00:06:22,532 IS ON THE WAY, BUT IT’S NOT HERE YET. 181 00:06:22,532 --> 00:06:25,435 YET. SO WE CAN DO THESE THINGS AND WE 182 00:06:25,435 --> 00:06:27,537 SO WE CAN DO THESE THINGS AND WE CAN PREVENT AN EVEN FURTHER 183 00:06:27,537 --> 00:06:28,037 CAN PREVENT AN EVEN FURTHER ESCALATION. 184 00:06:28,037 --> 00:06:29,273 ESCALATION. I REFER TO IT ON ONE OF THE 185 00:06:29,273 --> 00:06:33,376 I REFER TO IT ON ONE OF THE SUNDAY SHOWS YESTERDAY AS A 186 00:06:33,376 --> 00:06:35,945 SUNDAY SHOWS YESTERDAY AS A SURGE SUPERIMPOSED UPON A SURGE. 187 00:06:35,945 --> 00:06:38,015 SURGE SUPERIMPOSED UPON A SURGE. WHAT WE’VE DONE NOW WITH 188 00:06:38,015 --> 00:06:38,682 WHAT WE’VE DONE NOW WITH THANKSGIVING, MARK, WE ARE NOT 189 00:06:38,682 --> 00:06:42,184 THANKSGIVING, MARK, WE ARE NOT GOING TO SEE THE REPERCUSSIONS 190 00:06:42,184 --> 00:06:43,986 GOING TO SEE THE REPERCUSSIONS OF THAT FOR 2-3 WEEKS FROM NOW. 191 00:06:43,986 --> 00:06:45,688 OF THAT FOR 2-3 WEEKS FROM NOW. SO BECAUSE OF THE TRAVEL AND 192 00:06:45,688 --> 00:06:49,558 SO BECAUSE OF THE TRAVEL AND PEOPLE CONGREGATING FOR MEALS, 193 00:06:49,558 --> 00:06:50,661 PEOPLE CONGREGATING FOR MEALS, ET CETERA, YOU DON’T SEE ANY 194 00:06:50,661 --> 00:06:51,527 ET CETERA, YOU DON’T SEE ANY DIFFERENCE FOR A DAY, TWO, 195 00:06:51,527 --> 00:06:54,231 DIFFERENCE FOR A DAY, TWO, THREE, FIVE DAYS. 196 00:06:54,231 --> 00:06:55,264 THREE, FIVE DAYS. YOU SEE THE DIFFERENCE TWO OR 197 00:06:55,264 --> 00:06:55,932 YOU SEE THE DIFFERENCE TWO OR THREE WEEKS FROM NOW, WHICH 198 00:06:55,932 --> 00:06:58,601 THREE WEEKS FROM NOW, WHICH WOULD PUT IT RIGHT AT THE TIME 199 00:06:58,601 --> 00:06:59,202 WOULD PUT IT RIGHT AT THE TIME THAT PEOPLE WOULD BE TRAVELING 200 00:06:59,202 --> 00:07:00,403 THAT PEOPLE WOULD BE TRAVELING FOR CHRISTMAS. 201 00:07:00,403 --> 00:07:02,071 FOR CHRISTMAS. SO ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, WE ARE 202 00:07:02,071 --> 00:07:09,612 SO ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, WE ARE NOT IN A GOOD PLACE. 203 00:07:09,612 --> 00:07:11,247 NOT IN A GOOD PLACE. DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS THAT ARE 204 00:07:11,247 --> 00:07:14,317 DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS THAT ARE BEING AFFECTED POTENTIALLY MORE 205 00:07:14,317 --> 00:07:16,018 BEING AFFECTED POTENTIALLY MORE THAN IS CONVENTIONAL WISDOM IS 206 00:07:16,018 --> 00:07:16,419 THAN IS CONVENTIONAL WISDOM IS THIS POINT. 207 00:07:16,419 --> 00:07:18,354 THIS POINT. WHAT ARE YOU SEEING IN TERMS OF 208 00:07:18,354 --> 00:07:19,155 WHAT ARE YOU SEEING IN TERMS OF THE DIFFERENT GROUPS THAT THIS 209 00:07:19,155 --> 00:07:22,358 THE DIFFERENT GROUPS THAT THIS IS INFECTING AT THIS POINT? 210 00:07:22,358 --> 00:07:23,592 IS INFECTING AT THIS POINT? >> YEAH, YOU KNOW, IN THE 211 00:07:23,592 --> 00:07:24,895 >> YEAH, YOU KNOW, IN THE BEGINNING, MARK -- AND THAT’S 212 00:07:24,895 --> 00:07:25,762 BEGINNING, MARK -- AND THAT’S ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT THIS 213 00:07:25,762 --> 00:07:26,996 ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT THIS OUTBREAK THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO 214 00:07:26,996 --> 00:07:28,731 OUTBREAK THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO REALIZE, WE NEED TO BE HUMBLE 215 00:07:28,731 --> 00:07:30,833 REALIZE, WE NEED TO BE HUMBLE AND REALIZE THAT AT ANY GIVEN 216 00:07:30,833 --> 00:07:32,135 AND REALIZE THAT AT ANY GIVEN TIME, PARTICULARLY EARLY ON, WE 217 00:07:32,135 --> 00:07:35,405 TIME, PARTICULARLY EARLY ON, WE DON’T KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS AND 218 00:07:35,405 --> 00:07:36,640 DON’T KNOW ALL THE ANSWERS AND THERE WAS A RATHER -- I THINK 219 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:39,375 THERE WAS A RATHER -- I THINK ALMOST AN ARTIFICIAL DICHOTOMY 220 00:07:39,375 --> 00:07:40,576 ALMOST AN ARTIFICIAL DICHOTOMY THAT YOUNG PEOPLE DO REALLY, 221 00:07:40,576 --> 00:07:42,345 THAT YOUNG PEOPLE DO REALLY, REALLY WELL, THEY GET INFECTED, 222 00:07:42,345 --> 00:07:43,714 REALLY WELL, THEY GET INFECTED, MOST OF THEM HAVE NO SYMPTOMS, 223 00:07:43,714 --> 00:07:45,581 MOST OF THEM HAVE NO SYMPTOMS, THEY DONT GET INTO TROUBLE. 224 00:07:45,581 --> 00:07:47,984 THEY DONT GET INTO TROUBLE. THE ELDERLY AND THSE WITH 225 00:07:47,984 --> 00:07:50,620 THE ELDERLY AND THSE WITH UNDERLYING CONDITIONS, THEY HAVE 226 00:07:50,620 --> 00:07:52,054 UNDERLYING CONDITIONS, THEY HAVE A HIGHER INCIDENCE OF THE SEVERE 227 00:07:52,054 --> 00:07:53,824 A HIGHER INCIDENCE OF THE SEVERE CONSEQUENCES WHICH LEAD 228 00:07:53,824 --> 00:07:55,791 CONSEQUENCES WHICH LEAD SOMETIMES TO HOSPITALIZATIONS, 229 00:07:55,791 --> 00:08:00,663 SOMETIMES TO HOSPITALIZATIONS, INTENSIVE CARE AND ACCOUNT FOR 230 00:08:00,663 --> 00:08:01,398 INTENSIVE CARE AND ACCOUNT FOR MOST OF THE DEATHS. 231 00:08:01,398 --> 00:08:03,933 MOST OF THE DEATHS. GENERALLY SPEAKING, THAT’S TRUE. 232 00:08:03,933 --> 00:08:05,368 GENERALLY SPEAKING, THAT’S TRUE. BUT WHAT WE ARE STARTING TO SEE 233 00:08:05,368 --> 00:08:08,971 BUT WHAT WE ARE STARTING TO SEE NOW AS WE GET MONTHS AND MONTHS 234 00:08:08,971 --> 00:08:10,406 NOW AS WE GET MONTHS AND MONTHS INTO IT, THAT A SUBSTANTIAL 235 00:08:10,406 --> 00:08:11,007 INTO IT, THAT A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE PEOPLE THAT 236 00:08:11,007 --> 00:08:13,310 PROPORTION OF THE PEOPLE THAT ARE GETTING HOSPITALIZED OR 237 00:08:13,310 --> 00:08:16,779 ARE GETTING HOSPITALIZED OR BETWEEN 40 AND 59 YEARS OLD. 238 00:08:16,779 --> 00:08:17,246 BETWEEN 40 AND 59 YEARS OLD. THAT’S NOT AN ELDERLY 239 00:08:17,246 --> 00:08:18,881 THAT’S NOT AN ELDERLY 80-YEAR-OLD PERSON. 240 00:08:18,881 --> 00:08:20,684 80-YEAR-OLD PERSON. AND THOSE PEOPLE CAN GET INTO 241 00:08:20,684 --> 00:08:22,985 AND THOSE PEOPLE CAN GET INTO TROUBLE AND IN FACT I HAVE TO 242 00:08:22,985 --> 00:08:28,591 TROUBLE AND IN FACT I HAVE TO TELL YOU, JUST THREE DAYS AGO ON 243 00:08:28,591 --> 00:08:29,859 TELL YOU, JUST THREE DAYS AGO ON FRIDAY, WHEN I MADE ROUNDS IN MY 244 00:08:29,859 --> 00:08:30,427 FRIDAY, WHEN I MADE ROUNDS IN MY HOSPITAL AT THE NIH IN THE 245 00:08:30,427 --> 00:08:33,229 HOSPITAL AT THE NIH IN THE CLINICAL CENTER, WE WENT IN WITH 246 00:08:33,229 --> 00:08:36,499 CLINICAL CENTER, WE WENT IN WITH A MAN WHO’S 37 YEARS OLD WHO HAD 247 00:08:36,499 --> 00:08:38,869 A MAN WHO’S 37 YEARS OLD WHO HAD SERIOUS LUNG INVOLVEMENT AND 248 00:08:38,869 --> 00:08:40,036 SERIOUS LUNG INVOLVEMENT AND RIGHT NOW IT’S TOUCH AND GO. 249 00:08:40,036 --> 00:08:43,439 RIGHT NOW IT’S TOUCH AND GO. SO THIS IDEA IF I’M IN MY 30s, 250 00:08:43,439 --> 00:08:46,742 SO THIS IDEA IF I’M IN MY 30s, MY 40s, MY 50s, I’M OKAY, BE 251 00:08:46,742 --> 00:08:46,975 MY 40s, MY 50s, I’M OKAY, BE CAREFUL. 252 00:08:46,975 --> 00:08:49,678 CAREFUL. IT’S NOT THE USUAL SITUATION 253 00:08:49,678 --> 00:08:50,980 IT’S NOT THE USUAL SITUATION THAT YOU GET SOMEONE THAT AGE, 254 00:08:50,980 --> 00:08:53,549 THAT YOU GET SOMEONE THAT AGE, CLEARLY OVERWHELMINGLY IT’S 255 00:08:53,549 --> 00:08:54,183 CLEARLY OVERWHELMINGLY IT’S THOSE WITH UNDERLYING CONDITIONS 256 00:08:54,183 --> 00:08:56,685 THOSE WITH UNDERLYING CONDITIONS AT ANY AGE AND THE ELDERLY THAT 257 00:08:56,685 --> 00:08:58,154 AT ANY AGE AND THE ELDERLY THAT GET INTO SERIOUS TROUBLE. 258 00:08:58,154 --> 00:09:00,456 GET INTO SERIOUS TROUBLE. BUT THERE ARE ENOUGH PEOPLE WHO 259 00:09:00,456 --> 00:09:02,458 BUT THERE ARE ENOUGH PEOPLE WHO ARE YOUNGER WILL GET INTO 260 00:09:02,458 --> 00:09:04,326 ARE YOUNGER WILL GET INTO TROUBLE THAT WE CAN’T JUST PULL 261 00:09:04,326 --> 00:09:05,461 TROUBLE THAT WE CAN’T JUST PULL THIS OFF AS BEING INSIGNIFICANT 262 00:09:05,461 --> 00:09:08,464 THIS OFF AS BEING INSIGNIFICANT FOR THE YOUNGER PEOPLE. 263 00:09:08,464 --> 00:09:12,034 FOR THE YOUNGER PEOPLE. >> AND WHAT WE KNOW AT THIS 264 00:09:12,034 --> 00:09:12,568 >> AND WHAT WE KNOW AT THIS POINT ABOUT THE LONG-TERM 265 00:09:12,568 --> 00:09:13,569 POINT ABOUT THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THIS? 266 00:09:13,569 --> 00:09:15,539 EFFECTS OF THIS? I MEAN, THERE ARE CERTAINLY 267 00:09:15,539 --> 00:09:17,273 I MEAN, THERE ARE CERTAINLY THOSE, THE LONG HAUL WHO HAVE 268 00:09:17,273 --> 00:09:19,275 THOSE, THE LONG HAUL WHO HAVE SYMPTOMS FOR THREE MONTHS, FOUR 269 00:09:19,275 --> 00:09:23,012 SYMPTOMS FOR THREE MONTHS, FOUR MONTHS OR AT SEEN REPORTS OF SIX 270 00:09:23,012 --> 00:09:24,080 MONTHS OR AT SEEN REPORTS OF SIX MONTHS, AND I IMAGINE WE’RE 271 00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:26,949 MONTHS, AND I IMAGINE WE’RE STARTING TO STUDY SOME OF THE 272 00:09:26,949 --> 00:09:29,118 STARTING TO STUDY SOME OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE DISEASE 273 00:09:29,118 --> 00:09:30,052 LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE DISEASE AS WELL. 274 00:09:30,052 --> 00:09:32,221 AS WELL. CAN YOU GIVE US A SUMMARY OF 275 00:09:32,221 --> 00:09:33,322 CAN YOU GIVE US A SUMMARY OF WHAT OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING 276 00:09:33,322 --> 00:09:36,592 WHAT OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THOSE IMPACTS IS? 277 00:09:36,592 --> 00:09:38,161 OF THOSE IMPACTS IS? >> YEAH, THAT’S A GOOD QUESTION 278 00:09:38,161 --> 00:09:39,529 >> YEAH, THAT’S A GOOD QUESTION THAT OFTEN GETS CONFUSED, MARK. 279 00:09:39,529 --> 00:09:44,734 THAT OFTEN GETS CONFUSED, MARK. SO THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF POST 280 00:09:44,734 --> 00:09:45,868 SO THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF POST COVID INVOLVEMENT WITH SYMPTOMS 281 00:09:45,868 --> 00:09:46,201 COVID INVOLVEMENT WITH SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS. 282 00:09:46,201 --> 00:09:47,536 AND SIGNS. ONE OF THEM IS THE ONE THAT YOU 283 00:09:47,536 --> 00:09:50,473 ONE OF THEM IS THE ONE THAT YOU REFER TO, WHICH REFER TO 284 00:09:50,473 --> 00:09:51,807 REFER TO, WHICH REFER TO PROBABLY -- WE’VE GOT TO GET A 285 00:09:51,807 --> 00:09:53,442 PROBABLY -- WE’VE GOT TO GET A BETTER WORD FOR IT, LONG HAUL, 286 00:09:53,442 --> 00:09:54,243 BETTER WORD FOR IT, LONG HAUL, BUT THAT’S WHAT MOST PEOPLE HAVE 287 00:09:54,243 --> 00:09:56,579 BUT THAT’S WHAT MOST PEOPLE HAVE BEEN CALLING IT. 288 00:09:56,579 --> 00:09:58,747 BEEN CALLING IT. IN INDIVIDUALS EITHER HAD 289 00:09:58,747 --> 00:10:00,649 IN INDIVIDUALS EITHER HAD SYMPTOMS, STAYED AT HOME FOR A 290 00:10:00,649 --> 00:10:02,119 SYMPTOMS, STAYED AT HOME FOR A WEEK OR TWO, FEVER, ACHES, A 291 00:10:02,119 --> 00:10:04,253 WEEK OR TWO, FEVER, ACHES, A LITTLE SHORTNESS BREATH OR EVEN 292 00:10:04,253 --> 00:10:06,188 LITTLE SHORTNESS BREATH OR EVEN PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN IN THE 293 00:10:06,188 --> 00:10:08,591 PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN IN THE HOSPITAL WHO HAVE, YOU KNOW -- 294 00:10:08,591 --> 00:10:09,792 HOSPITAL WHO HAVE, YOU KNOW -- STAYS IN THE HOSPITAL, WHO COME 295 00:10:09,792 --> 00:10:11,227 STAYS IN THE HOSPITAL, WHO COME BACK WHO CLEAR THE VIRUS FROM 296 00:10:11,227 --> 00:10:11,794 BACK WHO CLEAR THE VIRUS FROM THEIR BODY. 297 00:10:11,794 --> 00:10:15,298 THEIR BODY. SO THE VIRUS IS NO LONGER THERE. 298 00:10:15,298 --> 00:10:19,068 SO THE VIRUS IS NO LONGER THERE. AND YET MAYBE 20, 25% OF THOSE 299 00:10:19,068 --> 00:10:19,703 AND YET MAYBE 20, 25% OF THOSE PEOPLE -- AND WE’VE GOT TO GET 300 00:10:19,703 --> 00:10:21,704 PEOPLE -- AND WE’VE GOT TO GET THE NUMBER MORE CORRECTLY, 301 00:10:21,704 --> 00:10:22,705 THE NUMBER MORE CORRECTLY, BECAUSE IT HASN’T YET BEEN 302 00:10:22,705 --> 00:10:24,673 BECAUSE IT HASN’T YET BEEN STUDIED AS WELL AS IT SHOULD BE, 303 00:10:24,673 --> 00:10:26,675 STUDIED AS WELL AS IT SHOULD BE, AND WE WILL BE DOING THAT, BUT 304 00:10:26,675 --> 00:10:28,778 AND WE WILL BE DOING THAT, BUT THESE PEOPLE HAVE AN 305 00:10:28,778 --> 00:10:31,214 THESE PEOPLE HAVE AN UNEXPLAINABLE SYMPTOM COMPLEX 306 00:10:31,214 --> 00:10:32,882 UNEXPLAINABLE SYMPTOM COMPLEX THAT SEEMS TO BE CONSISTENT 307 00:10:32,882 --> 00:10:35,885 THAT SEEMS TO BE CONSISTENT AMONG THEM WITHOUT ANY 308 00:10:35,885 --> 00:10:37,920 AMONG THEM WITHOUT ANY LABORATORY DATA TO INDICATE WHY 309 00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:41,657 LABORATORY DATA TO INDICATE WHY THEY MAY BE FEELING THAT WAY. 310 00:10:41,657 --> 00:10:43,859 THEY MAY BE FEELING THAT WAY. EXCESSIVE FATIGUE, SHORTNESS OF 311 00:10:43,859 --> 00:10:46,495 EXCESSIVE FATIGUE, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, WHEREAS PEOPLE WHO ARE 312 00:10:46,495 --> 00:10:47,930 BREATH, WHEREAS PEOPLE WHO ARE GOOD SHAPE ATHLETES, HAVE 313 00:10:47,930 --> 00:10:50,533 GOOD SHAPE ATHLETES, HAVE TROUBLE CLIMBING A FLIGHT OF 314 00:10:50,533 --> 00:10:50,766 TROUBLE CLIMBING A FLIGHT OF STAIRS. 315 00:10:50,766 --> 00:10:54,203 STAIRS. SLEEP DISTURBANCES. 316 00:10:54,203 --> 00:10:55,604 SLEEP DISTURBANCES. WHAT’S CALLED A SOFT ANOMIA 317 00:10:55,604 --> 00:10:56,705 WHAT’S CALLED A SOFT ANOMIA WHERE YOU GET TEMPERATURE 318 00:10:56,705 --> 00:10:56,973 WHERE YOU GET TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS 319 00:10:58,108 --> 00:10:59,642 WHERE YOU FEEL FLUSHED AND 320 00:10:59,642 --> 00:11:01,677 WHERE YOU FEEL FLUSHED AND SOMETHING CALLED BRAIN FOG, 321 00:11:01,677 --> 00:11:05,180 SOMETHING CALLED BRAIN FOG, ANOTHER UNFORTUNATE WORD, WHICH 322 00:11:05,180 --> 00:11:05,782 ANOTHER UNFORTUNATE WORD, WHICH REALLY MEANS THEY HAVE 323 00:11:05,782 --> 00:11:07,817 REALLY MEANS THEY HAVE DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING AND 324 00:11:07,817 --> 00:11:08,317 DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING AND FOCUSING. 325 00:11:08,317 --> 00:11:09,218 FOCUSING. WHERE YOU’RE LOOKING AT A 326 00:11:09,218 --> 00:11:09,818 WHERE YOU’RE LOOKING AT A COMPUTER SCREEN AND YOU JUST 327 00:11:09,818 --> 00:11:12,588 COMPUTER SCREEN AND YOU JUST CAN’T FOCUS ON WHAT YOU’RE DOING 328 00:11:12,588 --> 00:11:12,788 CAN’T FOCUS ON WHAT YOU’RE DOING DOING. 329 00:11:12,788 --> 00:11:14,990 DOING. THAT’S THE THING WE ARE SEEING 330 00:11:14,990 --> 00:11:15,659 THAT’S THE THING WE ARE SEEING NOW AND THAT CAN LAST FROM WEEKS 331 00:11:15,659 --> 00:11:17,560 NOW AND THAT CAN LAST FROM WEEKS TO MONTHS. 332 00:11:17,560 --> 00:11:21,865 TO MONTHS. THERE’S ANOTHER KIND OF AFFECT 333 00:11:21,865 --> 00:11:25,402 THERE’S ANOTHER KIND OF AFFECT THAT IS QUITE WELL DOCUMENTED 334 00:11:25,402 --> 00:11:26,401 THAT IS QUITE WELL DOCUMENTED WITH LABORATORY DATA. 335 00:11:26,401 --> 00:11:27,603 WITH LABORATORY DATA. FOR EXAMPLE, IF SOMEONE GOES IN 336 00:11:27,603 --> 00:11:32,409 FOR EXAMPLE, IF SOMEONE GOES IN THE HOSPITAL WITH COVID, THEY 337 00:11:32,409 --> 00:11:33,342 THE HOSPITAL WITH COVID, THEY GET DIFFICULTIES BREATHING, THEY 338 00:11:33,342 --> 00:11:34,543 GET DIFFICULTIES BREATHING, THEY GET INTUBATED AND PUT ON A 339 00:11:34,543 --> 00:11:36,880 GET INTUBATED AND PUT ON A VENTILATOR, THEY GET PNEUMONIA. 340 00:11:36,880 --> 00:11:38,415 VENTILATOR, THEY GET PNEUMONIA. WHEN THEY RECOVER, BECAUSE THEY 341 00:11:38,415 --> 00:11:39,915 WHEN THEY RECOVER, BECAUSE THEY HAVE SUCH DAMAGE TO THEIR LUNGS 342 00:11:39,915 --> 00:11:42,285 HAVE SUCH DAMAGE TO THEIR LUNGS OR SOMETIMES TO THEIR HEARTS OR 343 00:11:42,285 --> 00:11:44,888 OR SOMETIMES TO THEIR HEARTS OR TO THEIR KIDNEY, IT MAY BE 344 00:11:44,888 --> 00:11:46,021 TO THEIR KIDNEY, IT MAY BE MONTHS AND MONTHS AND MAYBE EVEN 345 00:11:46,021 --> 00:11:47,156 MONTHS AND MONTHS AND MAYBE EVEN LONGER, BECAUSE WE DON’T KNOW 346 00:11:47,156 --> 00:11:48,425 LONGER, BECAUSE WE DON’T KNOW YET BECAUSE WE’VE ONLY BEEN 347 00:11:48,425 --> 00:11:51,760 YET BECAUSE WE’VE ONLY BEEN DOING THIS FOR LESS THAN A YEAR, 348 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:52,828 DOING THIS FOR LESS THAN A YEAR, WHERE THEY HAVE ORGAN SYSTEM 349 00:11:52,828 --> 00:11:55,231 WHERE THEY HAVE ORGAN SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION THAT IS RESIDUAL 350 00:11:55,231 --> 00:11:57,566 DYSFUNCTION THAT IS RESIDUAL MAYBE INDEFINITELY. 351 00:11:57,566 --> 00:11:59,468 MAYBE INDEFINITELY. SO THE IDEA THAT YOU GET 352 00:11:59,468 --> 00:12:00,704 SO THE IDEA THAT YOU GET INFECTED, YOU EITHER GET NO 353 00:12:00,704 --> 00:12:02,939 INFECTED, YOU EITHER GET NO SYMPTOMS OR YOU DIE AND IF YOU 354 00:12:02,939 --> 00:12:05,507 SYMPTOMS OR YOU DIE AND IF YOU DON’T DIE, YOU’RE OKAY. 355 00:12:05,507 --> 00:12:07,543 DON’T DIE, YOU’RE OKAY. I THINK THAT’S REALLY A 356 00:12:07,543 --> 00:12:08,277 I THINK THAT’S REALLY A MISPERCEPTION, THAT THEY’RE 357 00:12:08,277 --> 00:12:09,745 MISPERCEPTION, THAT THEY’RE GOING TO BE A LOT OF THINGS THAT 358 00:12:09,745 --> 00:12:10,779 GOING TO BE A LOT OF THINGS THAT WE ARE GOING TO BE FOLLOWING THE 359 00:12:10,779 --> 00:12:12,481 WE ARE GOING TO BE FOLLOWING THE PEOPLE ARE GOING TO HAVE TROUBLE 360 00:12:12,481 --> 00:12:16,852 PEOPLE ARE GOING TO HAVE TROUBLE EVEN AFTER THEY RECOVER. 361 00:12:16,852 --> 00:12:17,853 EVEN AFTER THEY RECOVER. >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE AND IT 362 00:12:17,853 --> 00:12:20,122 >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE AND IT WILL BE IMPORTANT TO KEEP 363 00:12:20,122 --> 00:12:20,389 WILL BE IMPORTANT TO KEEP STUDYING. 364 00:12:20,389 --> 00:12:21,790 STUDYING. SO AS WE HEAD INTO THIS HOLIDAY 365 00:12:21,790 --> 00:12:25,194 SO AS WE HEAD INTO THIS HOLIDAY SEASON, YOU WENT THROUGH A 366 00:12:25,194 --> 00:12:26,695 SEASON, YOU WENT THROUGH A NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 367 00:12:26,695 --> 00:12:29,199 NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEOPLE TO STAY SAFE. 368 00:12:29,199 --> 00:12:30,232 PEOPLE TO STAY SAFE. IT MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE TO BOIL 369 00:12:30,232 --> 00:12:32,501 IT MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE TO BOIL THIS DOWN TO JUST ONE THING, BUT 370 00:12:32,501 --> 00:12:34,603 THIS DOWN TO JUST ONE THING, BUT JUST -- I’M CURIOUS IF YOU COULD 371 00:12:34,603 --> 00:12:36,372 JUST -- I’M CURIOUS IF YOU COULD GIVE PEOPLE JUST ONE PIECE OF 372 00:12:36,372 --> 00:12:37,574 GIVE PEOPLE JUST ONE PIECE OF ADVICE TO KEEP SAFE HEADING INTO 373 00:12:37,574 --> 00:12:41,577 ADVICE TO KEEP SAFE HEADING INTO THE HOLIDAYS, WHAT WOULD THAT BE 374 00:12:41,577 --> 00:12:41,844 THE HOLIDAYS, WHAT WOULD THAT BE BE? 375 00:12:41,844 --> 00:12:44,913 BE? >> YEAH, THAT WOULD BE -- AND 376 00:12:44,913 --> 00:12:48,751 >> YEAH, THAT WOULD BE -- AND THIS DOESN’T SIT WELL IN THE 377 00:12:48,751 --> 00:12:52,022 THIS DOESN’T SIT WELL IN THE ISSUE OF HOW CUSTOMARY CHRISTMAS 378 00:12:52,022 --> 00:12:53,922 ISSUE OF HOW CUSTOMARY CHRISTMAS AND NEWYEAR’S AND HANUKKAH AND 379 00:12:53,922 --> 00:12:57,560 AND NEWYEAR’S AND HANUKKAH AND ALL THAT HAVE BEEN TRADITIONALLY 380 00:12:57,560 --> 00:13:00,429 ALL THAT HAVE BEEN TRADITIONALLY FOR THE FAMILY UNIT, THAT WE ARE 381 00:13:00,429 --> 00:13:02,798 FOR THE FAMILY UNIT, THAT WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO -- IF I 382 00:13:02,798 --> 00:13:06,302 GOING TO HAVE TO -- IF I RECOMMEND ONE THING, IT’S THAT 383 00:13:06,302 --> 00:13:07,503 RECOMMEND ONE THING, IT’S THAT DIMINISHED TO THE EXTENT 384 00:13:07,503 --> 00:13:11,573 DIMINISHED TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE TRAVEL AND KEEP 385 00:13:11,573 --> 00:13:13,309 POSSIBLE TRAVEL AND KEEP GATHERINGS INDOOR TO THE 386 00:13:13,309 --> 00:13:17,614 GATHERINGS INDOOR TO THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY UNIT. 387 00:13:17,614 --> 00:13:18,948 IMMEDIATE FAMILY UNIT. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, DON’T 388 00:13:18,948 --> 00:13:21,550 TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, DON’T HAVE PEOPLE WHO MAY HAVE 389 00:13:21,550 --> 00:13:24,120 HAVE PEOPLE WHO MAY HAVE TRAVELED FROM ONE STATE INTO -- 390 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:25,121 TRAVELED FROM ONE STATE INTO -- A FRIEND OF A FRIEND WHO BRINGS 391 00:13:25,121 --> 00:13:27,456 A FRIEND OF A FRIEND WHO BRINGS A FRIEND. 392 00:13:27,456 --> 00:13:28,324 A FRIEND. TRY TO KEEP THE HOME ENVIRONMENT 393 00:13:28,324 --> 00:13:31,026 TRY TO KEEP THE HOME ENVIRONMENT AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE CONFINED TO 394 00:13:31,026 --> 00:13:33,796 AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE CONFINED TO THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY UNIT. 395 00:13:33,796 --> 00:13:36,699 THE IMMEDIATE FAMILY UNIT. THAT SEEMS TO BE, UNFORTUNATELY, 396 00:13:36,699 --> 00:13:38,968 THAT SEEMS TO BE, UNFORTUNATELY, MARK, THE ANTITHESIS OF THE 397 00:13:38,968 --> 00:13:41,337 MARK, THE ANTITHESIS OF THE CHRISTMAS, THE NEW YEAR, THE 398 00:13:41,337 --> 00:13:41,904 CHRISTMAS, THE NEW YEAR, THE HANUKKAH SEASON, BECAUSE YOU 399 00:13:41,904 --> 00:13:44,006 HANUKKAH SEASON, BECAUSE YOU REALLY WANT TO BRING FRIENDS, 400 00:13:44,006 --> 00:13:46,443 REALLY WANT TO BRING FRIENDS, THE WARMTH, THE FIREPLACE, THE 401 00:13:46,443 --> 00:13:48,277 THE WARMTH, THE FIREPLACE, THE PEOPLE SITTING DOWN TOGETHER. 402 00:13:48,277 --> 00:13:48,811 PEOPLE SITTING DOWN TOGETHER. UNFORTUNATELY, THAT’S THE 403 00:13:48,811 --> 00:13:50,879 UNFORTUNATELY, THAT’S THE PERFECT SET UP FOR PEOPLE WHO 404 00:13:50,879 --> 00:13:54,184 PERFECT SET UP FOR PEOPLE WHO MIGHT HAVE NO SYMPTOMS AND 405 00:13:54,184 --> 00:13:54,750 MIGHT HAVE NO SYMPTOMS AND INNOCENTLY AND INADVERTENTLY 406 00:13:54,750 --> 00:13:57,720 INNOCENTLY AND INADVERTENTLY COME INTO THE HOME AND INFECT 407 00:13:57,720 --> 00:13:59,054 COME INTO THE HOME AND INFECT SOMEONE. 408 00:13:59,054 --> 00:14:01,657 SOMEONE. WE SEE THAT EVERY TIME YOU HAVE 409 00:14:01,657 --> 00:14:03,859 WE SEE THAT EVERY TIME YOU HAVE A SITUATION SOCIALLY THAT LEADS 410 00:14:03,859 --> 00:14:05,895 A SITUATION SOCIALLY THAT LEADS TO CONGREGATE PEOPLE GETTING 411 00:14:05,895 --> 00:14:09,565 TO CONGREGATE PEOPLE GETTING TOGETHER, SO MY BIT OF ADVICE 412 00:14:09,565 --> 00:14:11,101 TOGETHER, SO MY BIT OF ADVICE WOULD BE, I KNOW IT’S DIFFICULT 413 00:14:11,101 --> 00:14:13,069 WOULD BE, I KNOW IT’S DIFFICULT AS THIS IS, EACH FAMILY NEEDS TO 414 00:14:13,069 --> 00:14:17,540 AS THIS IS, EACH FAMILY NEEDS TO DO A RISK BENEFIT DETERMINATION. 415 00:14:17,540 --> 00:14:21,643 DO A RISK BENEFIT DETERMINATION. DO I HAVE IN MY HOME AN ELDERLY 416 00:14:21,643 --> 00:14:23,379 DO I HAVE IN MY HOME AN ELDERLY PERSON, A PERSON WHO IS 417 00:14:23,379 --> 00:14:25,048 PERSON, A PERSON WHO IS IMMUNOSUPPRESSED, MAY BE A WOMAN 418 00:14:25,048 --> 00:14:26,382 IMMUNOSUPPRESSED, MAY BE A WOMAN WITH BREAST CANCER WHO’S ON 419 00:14:26,382 --> 00:14:28,283 WITH BREAST CANCER WHO’S ON CHEMOTHERAPY, A MAN WITH 420 00:14:28,283 --> 00:14:30,687 CHEMOTHERAPY, A MAN WITH PROSTATE CANCER, CHEMOTHERAPY. 421 00:14:30,687 --> 00:14:32,287 PROSTATE CANCER, CHEMOTHERAPY. A CHILD WITH AN 422 00:14:32,287 --> 00:14:32,689 A CHILD WITH AN IMMUNODEFICIENCY. 423 00:14:32,689 --> 00:14:33,489 IMMUNODEFICIENCY. IF YOU DO, DO YOU REALLY WANT TO 424 00:14:33,489 --> 00:14:37,426 IF YOU DO, DO YOU REALLY WANT TO TAKE THE CHANCE OF EXPOSING THAT 425 00:14:37,426 --> 00:14:38,027 TAKE THE CHANCE OF EXPOSING THAT PERSON TO SOMETHING THAT MIGHT 426 00:14:38,027 --> 00:14:42,065 PERSON TO SOMETHING THAT MIGHT NOT ALLOW THEM TO HAVE FUTURE 427 00:14:42,065 --> 00:14:43,432 NOT ALLOW THEM TO HAVE FUTURE CHRISTMASES AND NEW YEAR’S AND 428 00:14:43,432 --> 00:14:43,766 CHRISTMASES AND NEW YEAR’S AND HANUKKAHS? 429 00:14:43,766 --> 00:14:47,870 HANUKKAHS? SO I ACTUALLY THINK THAT WE NEED 430 00:14:47,870 --> 00:14:48,471 SO I ACTUALLY THINK THAT WE NEED TO, YOU KNOW, THIS TIME DO 431 00:14:48,471 --> 00:14:51,640 TO, YOU KNOW, THIS TIME DO THINGS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY. 432 00:14:51,640 --> 00:14:52,408 THINGS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY. >> YEAH, I THINK THAT MAKES A 433 00:14:52,408 --> 00:14:54,343 >> YEAH, I THINK THAT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE. 434 00:14:54,343 --> 00:14:56,712 LOT OF SENSE. AND I’M CURIOUS TO ASK THE 435 00:14:56,712 --> 00:14:57,780 AND I’M CURIOUS TO ASK THE QUESTION ALSO NOT JUST FROM AN 436 00:14:57,780 --> 00:14:58,514 QUESTION ALSO NOT JUST FROM AN INDIVIDUAL PERSPECTIVE WHAT YOU 437 00:14:58,514 --> 00:15:02,351 INDIVIDUAL PERSPECTIVE WHAT YOU WOULD DO, BUT FROM A COUNTRY 438 00:15:02,351 --> 00:15:02,818 WOULD DO, BUT FROM A COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE. 439 00:15:02,818 --> 00:15:03,485 PERSPECTIVE. IF THERE WERE ONE CHANGE THAT WE 440 00:15:03,485 --> 00:15:05,220 IF THERE WERE ONE CHANGE THAT WE COULD MAKE AS A COUNTRY TO HAVE 441 00:15:05,220 --> 00:15:08,624 COULD MAKE AS A COUNTRY TO HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE 442 00:15:08,624 --> 00:15:09,425 A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE CURRENT COVID TRAJECTORY, WHAT 443 00:15:09,425 --> 00:15:12,461 CURRENT COVID TRAJECTORY, WHAT YOU THINK IT WOULD BE? 444 00:15:12,461 --> 00:15:14,363 YOU THINK IT WOULD BE? >> YOU KNOW, MARK, IT WOULD BE 445 00:15:14,363 --> 00:15:16,265 >> YOU KNOW, MARK, IT WOULD BE EVERYBODY DOING THINGS 446 00:15:16,265 --> 00:15:17,299 EVERYBODY DOING THINGS CONSISTENTLY THE SAME. 447 00:15:17,299 --> 00:15:18,834 CONSISTENTLY THE SAME. YOU KNOW, AS I’VE MENTIONED SO 448 00:15:18,834 --> 00:15:19,768 YOU KNOW, AS I’VE MENTIONED SO MANY TIMES, ONE OF THE BEAUTIES 449 00:15:19,768 --> 00:15:22,905 MANY TIMES, ONE OF THE BEAUTIES OF OUR COUNTRY IS THAT IF THE 450 00:15:22,905 --> 00:15:25,474 OF OUR COUNTRY IS THAT IF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE 451 00:15:25,474 --> 00:15:26,108 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE FEDERALIST APPROACH THAT GO BACK 452 00:15:26,108 --> 00:15:27,877 FEDERALIST APPROACH THAT GO BACK TO OUR FOUNDING FATHERS GIVE 453 00:15:27,877 --> 00:15:30,579 TO OUR FOUNDING FATHERS GIVE EACH INDIVIDUAL STATE SO MUCH 454 00:15:30,579 --> 00:15:31,347 EACH INDIVIDUAL STATE SO MUCH LEEWAY TO DO THINGS THE WAY THEY 455 00:15:31,347 --> 00:15:34,950 LEEWAY TO DO THINGS THE WAY THEY WANT TO DO IT, WHICH FITS WELL 456 00:15:34,950 --> 00:15:40,022 WANT TO DO IT, WHICH FITS WELL FOR A LARGE COUNTRY THAT HAS 457 00:15:40,022 --> 00:15:40,522 FOR A LARGE COUNTRY THAT HAS DEMOGRAPHIC, GEOGRAPHIC, 458 00:15:40,522 --> 00:15:41,156 DEMOGRAPHIC, GEOGRAPHIC, CULTURAL DIFFERENCES, WHICH ARE 459 00:15:41,156 --> 00:15:42,058 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES, WHICH ARE THE BEAUTY OF THE COUNTRY. 460 00:15:42,058 --> 00:15:43,859 THE BEAUTY OF THE COUNTRY. THAT WORKS WELL. 461 00:15:43,859 --> 00:15:47,564 THAT WORKS WELL. WHEN YOU HAVE AN EPIDEMIC, A 462 00:15:47,564 --> 00:15:48,697 WHEN YOU HAVE AN EPIDEMIC, A RESPIRATORY PANDEMIC THAT’S AS 463 00:15:48,697 --> 00:15:50,432 RESPIRATORY PANDEMIC THAT’S AS EFFICIENT AND SPREADING AS THIS 464 00:15:50,432 --> 00:15:52,168 EFFICIENT AND SPREADING AS THIS IS AND HAS SUCH AN IMPACT ON THE 465 00:15:52,168 --> 00:15:56,472 IS AND HAS SUCH AN IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE, YOU CAN’T 466 00:15:56,472 --> 00:15:58,207 HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE, YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE THING, ONE STATE, ONE 467 00:15:58,207 --> 00:15:58,907 HAVE ONE THING, ONE STATE, ONE REGION DOING THINGS ONE WAY, 468 00:15:58,907 --> 00:16:01,678 REGION DOING THINGS ONE WAY, ANOTHER ONE THE OTHER WAY, 469 00:16:01,678 --> 00:16:02,911 ANOTHER ONE THE OTHER WAY, BECAUSE WHAT YOU DO IMPACTS THE 470 00:16:02,911 --> 00:16:04,947 BECAUSE WHAT YOU DO IMPACTS THE ENTIRE COUNTRY. 471 00:16:04,947 --> 00:16:05,680 ENTIRE COUNTRY. SO YOU WANT TO BE ABLE TO BE 472 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:09,551 SO YOU WANT TO BE ABLE TO BE PART OF THE PROCESS THAT 473 00:16:09,551 --> 00:16:10,853 PART OF THE PROCESS THAT DIMINISHES AND ULTIMATELY 474 00:16:10,853 --> 00:16:11,787 DIMINISHES AND ULTIMATELY CRUSHES THIS OUTBREAK. 475 00:16:11,787 --> 00:16:15,791 CRUSHES THIS OUTBREAK. AND WHAT WE’VE HAD HISTORICALLY 476 00:16:15,791 --> 00:16:16,992 AND WHAT WE’VE HAD HISTORICALLY IS THAT INCREDIBLE DISPARITIES 477 00:16:16,992 --> 00:16:19,395 IS THAT INCREDIBLE DISPARITIES IN HOW WE DO THINGS. 478 00:16:19,395 --> 00:16:20,496 IN HOW WE DO THINGS. I MEAN, IT’S BECOME MASKS ARE 479 00:16:20,496 --> 00:16:22,665 I MEAN, IT’S BECOME MASKS ARE GOOD OR MASKS ARE NO GOOD. 480 00:16:22,665 --> 00:16:24,300 GOOD OR MASKS ARE NO GOOD. YOU KNOW, CLOSING THE BARS ARE 481 00:16:24,300 --> 00:16:26,169 YOU KNOW, CLOSING THE BARS ARE GOOD, CLOSING THE BARS ARE NOT 482 00:16:26,169 --> 00:16:27,269 GOOD, CLOSING THE BARS ARE NOT GOOD. 483 00:16:27,269 --> 00:16:27,803 GOOD. THAT DOESN’T WORK, MARK. 484 00:16:27,803 --> 00:16:29,037 THAT DOESN’T WORK, MARK. WE’VE GOT TO BE ABLE TO GET 485 00:16:29,037 --> 00:16:31,874 WE’VE GOT TO BE ABLE TO GET CONTROL OF THIS OUTBREAK IN A 486 00:16:31,874 --> 00:16:33,409 CONTROL OF THIS OUTBREAK IN A WAY THAT’S CONSISTENT AND 487 00:16:33,409 --> 00:16:34,244 WAY THAT’S CONSISTENT AND UNIFORM. 488 00:16:34,244 --> 00:16:37,514 UNIFORM. SO AS A NATION, THAT WOULD BE MY 489 00:16:37,514 --> 00:16:38,813 SO AS A NATION, THAT WOULD BE MY RECOMMENDATION AND OF COURSE, 490 00:16:38,813 --> 00:16:39,381 RECOMMENDATION AND OF COURSE, LET’S GET IT OUT OF THE 491 00:16:39,381 --> 00:16:42,051 LET’S GET IT OUT OF THE POLITICAL ARENA. 492 00:16:42,051 --> 00:16:45,053 POLITICAL ARENA. LET’S FORGET THIS DIVISIVENESS. 493 00:16:45,053 --> 00:16:45,688 LET’S FORGET THIS DIVISIVENESS. DIVISIVENESS IN AN APPROACH TO A 494 00:16:45,688 --> 00:16:49,425 DIVISIVENESS IN AN APPROACH TO A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IS JUST A 495 00:16:49,425 --> 00:16:53,295 PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IS JUST A RECIPE FOR NOT GETTING IT RIGHT. 496 00:16:53,295 --> 00:16:56,031 RECIPE FOR NOT GETTING IT RIGHT. >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE. 497 00:16:56,031 --> 00:16:57,699 >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE. SO I’M CURIOUS WHAT YOU EXPECT 498 00:16:57,699 --> 00:17:00,235 SO I’M CURIOUS WHAT YOU EXPECT TO SEE OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS, 499 00:17:00,235 --> 00:17:03,539 TO SEE OVER THE NEXT FEW MONTHS, ESPECIALLY WITH THIS -- THE 500 00:17:03,539 --> 00:17:04,173 ESPECIALLY WITH THIS -- THE INCOMING BIDEN ADMINISTRATION 501 00:17:04,173 --> 00:17:04,840 INCOMING BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND I’M CURIOUS IF YOU HAVE ANY 502 00:17:04,840 --> 00:17:07,243 AND I’M CURIOUS IF YOU HAVE ANY INSIGHT INTO THE PLANS. 503 00:17:07,243 --> 00:17:08,744 INSIGHT INTO THE PLANS. I HAVE TO SAY, I’M PERSONALLY 504 00:17:08,744 --> 00:17:09,345 I HAVE TO SAY, I’M PERSONALLY ENCOURAGED ABOUT THE SELECTION 505 00:17:09,345 --> 00:17:13,148 ENCOURAGED ABOUT THE SELECTION OF RON KLAIN AS CHIEF OF STAFF. 506 00:17:13,148 --> 00:17:14,149 OF RON KLAIN AS CHIEF OF STAFF. YOU KNOW, PEOPLE WATCHING THIS 507 00:17:14,149 --> 00:17:16,685 YOU KNOW, PEOPLE WATCHING THIS MAY NOT KNOW, HE WAS IN CHARGE 508 00:17:16,685 --> 00:17:17,619 MAY NOT KNOW, HE WAS IN CHARGE OF THE GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO 509 00:17:17,619 --> 00:17:19,622 OF THE GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO THE EBOLA OUTBREAK AND I WAS 510 00:17:19,622 --> 00:17:20,656 THE EBOLA OUTBREAK AND I WAS QUITE FOCUSED AT THAT AT THE 511 00:17:20,656 --> 00:17:20,857 QUITE FOCUSED AT THAT AT THE TIME. 512 00:17:20,857 --> 00:17:21,757 TIME. AND I THOUGHT IT WAS HANDLED 513 00:17:21,757 --> 00:17:23,592 AND I THOUGHT IT WAS HANDLED QUITE WELL. 514 00:17:23,592 --> 00:17:25,762 QUITE WELL. SO I TOOK IT AS A VERY GOOD 515 00:17:25,762 --> 00:17:26,194 SO I TOOK IT AS A VERY GOOD SIGN. 516 00:17:26,194 --> 00:17:28,030 SIGN. SOMEONE WITH THAT EXPERIENCE IS 517 00:17:28,030 --> 00:17:29,331 SOMEONE WITH THAT EXPERIENCE IS BEING ELEVATED INNOCENT 518 00:17:29,331 --> 00:17:30,366 BEING ELEVATED INNOCENT ADMINISTRATION, BUT I’M CURIOUS 519 00:17:30,366 --> 00:17:32,768 ADMINISTRATION, BUT I’M CURIOUS IF YOU HAVE ANY ADDITIONAL 520 00:17:32,768 --> 00:17:34,336 IF YOU HAVE ANY ADDITIONAL INSIGHT INTO THEIR PLANS OR WHAT 521 00:17:34,336 --> 00:17:37,072 INSIGHT INTO THEIR PLANS OR WHAT THIS IS GOING TO MEAN FOR YOUR 522 00:17:37,072 --> 00:17:38,807 THIS IS GOING TO MEAN FOR YOUR WORK AT THE NIH OR THE WORK THAT 523 00:17:38,807 --> 00:17:40,075 WORK AT THE NIH OR THE WORK THAT HAS TO GET DONE AT THE CDC OR 524 00:17:40,075 --> 00:17:46,381 HAS TO GET DONE AT THE CDC OR THE OTHER AGENCIES. 525 00:17:46,381 --> 00:17:48,951 THE OTHER AGENCIES. >> YOUR INSTINCTS ARE CORRECT, 526 00:17:48,951 --> 00:17:51,119 >> YOUR INSTINCTS ARE CORRECT, MARK, BECAUSE I HAD EXTENSIVE 527 00:17:51,119 --> 00:17:52,521 MARK, BECAUSE I HAD EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE WITH RON KLAIN WHEN 528 00:17:52,521 --> 00:17:56,025 EXPERIENCE WITH RON KLAIN WHEN HE WAS THE COORDINATOR OF THE 529 00:17:56,025 --> 00:17:58,994 HE WAS THE COORDINATOR OF THE EBOLA RESPONSE DURING THE OBAMA 530 00:17:58,994 --> 00:18:01,129 EBOLA RESPONSE DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION THAT HE IS THE 531 00:18:01,129 --> 00:18:02,332 ADMINISTRATION THAT HE IS THE CHIEF OF STAFF TO 532 00:18:02,332 --> 00:18:04,667 CHIEF OF STAFF TO PRESIDENT-ELECT BIDEN AND I KNOW 533 00:18:04,667 --> 00:18:07,569 PRESIDENT-ELECT BIDEN AND I KNOW HIM WELL AND HIS STYLE AND HE 534 00:18:07,569 --> 00:18:11,240 HIM WELL AND HIS STYLE AND HE DID AN ABSOLUTELY TERRIFIC JOB 535 00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:12,975 DID AN ABSOLUTELY TERRIFIC JOB WITH EBOLA. 536 00:18:12,975 --> 00:18:14,510 WITH EBOLA. I HAVEN’T DISCUSSED IN ANY 537 00:18:14,510 --> 00:18:16,879 I HAVEN’T DISCUSSED IN ANY SUBSTANTIAL DETAIL ABOUT WHAT HE 538 00:18:16,879 --> 00:18:19,682 SUBSTANTIAL DETAIL ABOUT WHAT HE IS GOING TO BE RECOMMENDING FOR 539 00:18:19,682 --> 00:18:21,783 IS GOING TO BE RECOMMENDING FOR THE APPROACH OF THE NEW 540 00:18:21,783 --> 00:18:23,585 THE APPROACH OF THE NEW ADMINISTRATION, BUT I KNOW RON 541 00:18:23,585 --> 00:18:26,422 ADMINISTRATION, BUT I KNOW RON AND I KNOW HIS STYLE. 542 00:18:26,422 --> 00:18:28,523 AND I KNOW HIS STYLE. HE VERY LIKELY WLL DO THE SAME 543 00:18:28,523 --> 00:18:30,626 HE VERY LIKELY WLL DO THE SAME SORT OF THING ABOUT HAVING A 544 00:18:30,626 --> 00:18:32,694 SORT OF THING ABOUT HAVING A COORDINATOR AND FACILITATING TO 545 00:18:32,694 --> 00:18:35,964 COORDINATOR AND FACILITATING TO BRING OUT THE BEST IN EACH 546 00:18:35,964 --> 00:18:38,267 BRING OUT THE BEST IN EACH AGENCY BUT IN A COORDINATED WAY. 547 00:18:38,267 --> 00:18:40,936 AGENCY BUT IN A COORDINATED WAY. THAT’S WHAT HE DID WITH EBOLA. 548 00:18:40,936 --> 00:18:42,071 THAT’S WHAT HE DID WITH EBOLA. I WOULD BE VERY SURPRISED IF HE 549 00:18:42,071 --> 00:18:45,674 I WOULD BE VERY SURPRISED IF HE DIDN’T DO IT WITH COVID-19, BUT 550 00:18:45,674 --> 00:18:47,377 DIDN’T DO IT WITH COVID-19, BUT HE CERTAINLY KNOWS WHAT HE’S 551 00:18:47,377 --> 00:18:49,812 HE CERTAINLY KNOWS WHAT HE’S DOING AND KNOWS THE INS AND OUTS 552 00:18:49,812 --> 00:18:54,584 DOING AND KNOWS THE INS AND OUTS OF HOW TO RESPOND. 553 00:18:54,584 --> 00:18:55,851 OF HOW TO RESPOND. >> WELL, YOU AND THE REST OF THE 554 00:18:55,851 --> 00:18:57,954 >> WELL, YOU AND THE REST OF THE GOVERNMENT HAVE AN IMPORTANT JOB 555 00:18:57,954 --> 00:18:58,520 GOVERNMENT HAVE AN IMPORTANT JOB AHEAD. 556 00:18:58,520 --> 00:19:00,922 AHEAD. I KNOW OUR TEAM AT FACEBOOK IS 557 00:19:00,922 --> 00:19:02,291 I KNOW OUR TEAM AT FACEBOOK IS ALREADY REACHED OUT TO THE 558 00:19:02,291 --> 00:19:03,826 ALREADY REACHED OUT TO THE INCOMING ADMINISTRATION TO HELP 559 00:19:03,826 --> 00:19:04,660 INCOMING ADMINISTRATION TO HELP IN THE COVID RESPONS TO HELP IN 560 00:19:04,660 --> 00:19:06,128 IN THE COVID RESPONS TO HELP IN ANY WAY THAT WE CAN. 561 00:19:06,128 --> 00:19:07,496 ANY WAY THAT WE CAN. I THINK THERE WILL BE A FEW 562 00:19:07,496 --> 00:19:09,297 I THINK THERE WILL BE A FEW IMPORTANT THINGS THAT WE CAN DO 563 00:19:09,297 --> 00:19:09,731 IMPORTANT THINGS THAT WE CAN DO TOGETHER. 564 00:19:09,731 --> 00:19:11,833 TOGETHER. WE ARE ALREADY PLANNING A PUSH 565 00:19:11,833 --> 00:19:13,769 WE ARE ALREADY PLANNING A PUSH AROUND AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION 566 00:19:13,769 --> 00:19:14,903 AROUND AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION ON VACCINES, WHICH IS PROBABLY A 567 00:19:14,903 --> 00:19:17,373 ON VACCINES, WHICH IS PROBABLY A GOOD TRANSITION TO THE MAIN 568 00:19:17,373 --> 00:19:17,974 GOOD TRANSITION TO THE MAIN SCIENTIFIC TOPIC THAT IWANT TO 569 00:19:17,974 --> 00:19:21,411 SCIENTIFIC TOPIC THAT IWANT TO TALK ABOUT TODAY. 570 00:19:21,411 --> 00:19:22,044 TALK ABOUT TODAY. BECAUSE THERE HAVE RECENTLY BEEN 571 00:19:22,044 --> 00:19:24,046 BECAUSE THERE HAVE RECENTLY BEEN SOME VERY POSITIVE NEWS ON THE 572 00:19:24,046 --> 00:19:29,285 SOME VERY POSITIVE NEWS ON THE VACCINE VACCINE 573 00:19:29,285 --> 00:19:29,919 VACCINE VACCINE CANDIDATES, INCLUDING THE ONES 574 00:19:29,919 --> 00:19:32,722 CANDIDATES, INCLUDING THE ONES FROM PFIZER AND MODERNA HAVE 575 00:19:32,722 --> 00:19:33,289 FROM PFIZER AND MODERNA HAVE RECENTLY GOTTEN SOME RESULTS 576 00:19:33,289 --> 00:19:36,859 RECENTLY GOTTEN SOME RESULTS BACK THAT SHOW THAT THESE 577 00:19:36,859 --> 00:19:37,426 BACK THAT SHOW THAT THESE POTENTIAL VACCINES ARE MORE 578 00:19:37,426 --> 00:19:40,396 POTENTIAL VACCINES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE I THINK THAN MOST 579 00:19:40,396 --> 00:19:41,464 EFFECTIVE I THINK THAN MOST EXPERTS HAD EVEN EXPECTED, AND 580 00:19:41,464 --> 00:19:44,468 EXPERTS HAD EVEN EXPECTED, AND WITHOUT A SIGNIFICANT KNOWN 581 00:19:44,468 --> 00:19:47,305 WITHOUT A SIGNIFICANT KNOWN SAFETY ISSUES SO FAR -- BUT 582 00:19:47,305 --> 00:19:49,206 SAFETY ISSUES SO FAR -- BUT GIVEN THAT THIS IS SUCH AN 583 00:19:49,206 --> 00:19:50,007 GIVEN THAT THIS IS SUCH AN UNPRECEDENTED SITUATION, I KNOW 584 00:19:50,007 --> 00:19:51,076 UNPRECEDENTED SITUATION, I KNOW THAT LOTS OF PEOPLE HAVE 585 00:19:51,076 --> 00:19:52,743 THAT LOTS OF PEOPLE HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE VACCINES 586 00:19:52,743 --> 00:19:53,443 QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE VACCINES AND I THINK WE SHOULD SPEND THE 587 00:19:53,443 --> 00:19:55,379 AND I THINK WE SHOULD SPEND THE MAJORITY OF OUR TIME TODAY 588 00:19:55,379 --> 00:19:57,315 MAJORITY OF OUR TIME TODAY ANSWERING A LOT OF THOSE 589 00:19:57,315 --> 00:19:57,714 ANSWERING A LOT OF THOSE QUESTIONS. 590 00:19:57,714 --> 00:19:58,616 QUESTIONS. SO A LOT OF THE QUESTIONS THAT 591 00:19:58,616 --> 00:20:00,518 SO A LOT OF THE QUESTIONS THAT I’VE SEEN ABOUT THE VACCINE 592 00:20:00,518 --> 00:20:02,953 I’VE SEEN ABOUT THE VACCINE CENTER ON THE FACT THAT SOME OF 593 00:20:02,953 --> 00:20:03,521 CENTER ON THE FACT THAT SOME OF THESE VACCINE CANDIDATES ARE 594 00:20:03,521 --> 00:20:05,289 THESE VACCINE CANDIDATES ARE FUNDAMENTALLY NEW TYPES OF 595 00:20:05,289 --> 00:20:06,423 FUNDAMENTALLY NEW TYPES OF VACCINES AND THEY WERE DEVELOPED 596 00:20:06,423 --> 00:20:06,757 VACCINES AND THEY WERE DEVELOPED VERY QUICKLY. 597 00:20:06,757 --> 00:20:09,694 VERY QUICKLY. SO I’M CURIOUS WHAT YOUR VIEW ON 598 00:20:09,694 --> 00:20:10,494 SO I’M CURIOUS WHAT YOUR VIEW ON THAT IS AND MAYBE YOU COULD JUST 599 00:20:10,494 --> 00:20:13,831 THAT IS AND MAYBE YOU COULD JUST WALK US THROUGH THE PROCESS OF 600 00:20:13,831 --> 00:20:15,032 WALK US THROUGH THE PROCESS OF HOW WE DETERMINE SCIENTIFICALLY 601 00:20:15,032 --> 00:20:16,534 HOW WE DETERMINE SCIENTIFICALLY THAT A NEW TYPE OF VACCINE IS 602 00:20:16,534 --> 00:20:16,733 THAT A NEW TYPE OF VACCINE IS SAFE. 603 00:20:16,733 --> 00:20:19,936 SAFE. YOU KNOW, MOST PEOPLE MAY NOT BE 604 00:20:19,936 --> 00:20:21,840 YOU KNOW, MOST PEOPLE MAY NOT BE AWARE OF JUST HOW RIGOROUS THIS 605 00:20:21,840 --> 00:20:22,640 AWARE OF JUST HOW RIGOROUS THIS TESTING PROCESSES, SO MAYBE YOU 606 00:20:22,640 --> 00:20:23,608 TESTING PROCESSES, SO MAYBE YOU CAN TAKE A FEW MINUTES TO JUST 607 00:20:23,608 --> 00:20:27,011 CAN TAKE A FEW MINUTES TO JUST WALK US THROUGH THAT. 608 00:20:27,011 --> 00:20:27,812 WALK US THROUGH THAT. >> WELL, WE SHOULD PROBABLY 609 00:20:27,812 --> 00:20:29,846 >> WELL, WE SHOULD PROBABLY START OFF BY GETTING PEOPLE TO 610 00:20:29,846 --> 00:20:32,983 START OFF BY GETTING PEOPLE TO APPRECIATE THAT THIS HAS BEEN A 611 00:20:32,983 --> 00:20:35,286 APPRECIATE THAT THIS HAS BEEN A PROCESS THAT HAS BEEN DONE 612 00:20:35,286 --> 00:20:36,120 PROCESS THAT HAS BEEN DONE EXTRAORDINARILY QUICKLY, BUT NOT 613 00:20:36,120 --> 00:20:39,657 EXTRAORDINARILY QUICKLY, BUT NOT AT THE EXPENSE OF SAFETY OR OF 614 00:20:39,657 --> 00:20:40,123 AT THE EXPENSE OF SAFETY OR OF SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY. 615 00:20:40,123 --> 00:20:43,861 SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY. SO WHAT WE’VE SEEN WITH THESE 616 00:20:43,861 --> 00:20:45,563 SO WHAT WE’VE SEEN WITH THESE NEW PLATFORMS, AND FOR THOSE NOT 617 00:20:45,563 --> 00:20:47,899 NEW PLATFORMS, AND FOR THOSE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THIS, A VACCINE 618 00:20:47,899 --> 00:20:51,401 FAMILIAR WITH THIS, A VACCINE TYPE IS REFERRED TO AS A 619 00:20:51,401 --> 00:20:53,805 TYPE IS REFERRED TO AS A PLATFORM, SO LIVE ATTENUATED 620 00:20:53,805 --> 00:20:54,805 PLATFORM, SO LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE IS A PLATFORM. 621 00:20:54,805 --> 00:20:56,540 VACCINE IS A PLATFORM. A WHOLE KILLED ONE AS A 622 00:20:56,540 --> 00:20:56,807 A WHOLE KILLED ONE AS A PLATFORM. 623 00:20:56,807 --> 00:21:00,378 PLATFORM. A SOLUBLE PROTEIN IS A PLATFORM. 624 00:21:00,378 --> 00:21:02,078 A SOLUBLE PROTEIN IS A PLATFORM. THE PLATFORM THAT YOU’RE TALKING 625 00:21:02,078 --> 00:21:04,181 THE PLATFORM THAT YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT IS A MESSENGER RNA 626 00:21:04,181 --> 00:21:05,150 ABOUT IS A MESSENGER RNA PLATFORM, WHICH IS A HIGHLY 627 00:21:05,150 --> 00:21:07,485 PLATFORM, WHICH IS A HIGHLY ADAPTABLE, EXTRAORDINARILY 628 00:21:07,485 --> 00:21:09,553 ADAPTABLE, EXTRAORDINARILY PROMISING APPROACH TO VACCINES 629 00:21:09,553 --> 00:21:13,023 PROMISING APPROACH TO VACCINES WHERE YOU DON’T EVER EVEN NEED 630 00:21:13,023 --> 00:21:13,892 WHERE YOU DON’T EVER EVEN NEED TO GET THE VIRUS IN YOUR HAND, 631 00:21:13,892 --> 00:21:18,062 TO GET THE VIRUS IN YOUR HAND, YOU CAN JUST GET A GENE SEQUENCE 632 00:21:18,062 --> 00:21:22,700 YOU CAN JUST GET A GENE SEQUENCE OF WHAT IT IS AND PLUG IT IN TO 633 00:21:22,700 --> 00:21:23,334 OF WHAT IT IS AND PLUG IT IN TO THIS MESSENGER RNA AND INJECTED 634 00:21:23,334 --> 00:21:26,236 THIS MESSENGER RNA AND INJECTED INTO A PERSON AND YOU GET THE 635 00:21:26,236 --> 00:21:28,439 INTO A PERSON AND YOU GET THE PROTEIN EXPRESSED AND YOU HAVE A 636 00:21:28,439 --> 00:21:29,207 PROTEIN EXPRESSED AND YOU HAVE A VACCINE. 637 00:21:29,207 --> 00:21:31,809 VACCINE. WE ADAPTED, WE DEEMED THE FIELD, 638 00:21:31,809 --> 00:21:32,443 WE ADAPTED, WE DEEMED THE FIELD, NOT NECESSARILY ME, BUT MYSELF 639 00:21:32,443 --> 00:21:36,546 NOT NECESSARILY ME, BUT MYSELF AND MY COLLEAGUES, THIS IS THE 640 00:21:36,546 --> 00:21:38,616 AND MY COLLEAGUES, THIS IS THE FRUIT OF YEARS OF FUNDAMENTAL 641 00:21:38,616 --> 00:21:39,483 FRUIT OF YEARS OF FUNDAMENTAL BASIC SCIENCE AND IMPROVING 642 00:21:39,483 --> 00:21:43,019 BASIC SCIENCE AND IMPROVING PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY, SO WHEN 643 00:21:43,019 --> 00:21:44,689 PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY, SO WHEN PEOPLE HEAR YOU’RE DEALING WITH 644 00:21:44,689 --> 00:21:47,290 PEOPLE HEAR YOU’RE DEALING WITH SOMETHING NEW AND YOU DID IT 645 00:21:47,290 --> 00:21:49,593 SOMETHING NEW AND YOU DID IT VERY QUICKLY, WERE YOU CUTTING 646 00:21:49,593 --> 00:21:50,794 VERY QUICKLY, WERE YOU CUTTING CORNERS? 647 00:21:50,794 --> 00:21:53,029 CORNERS? IS THIS SCIENTIFICALLY ADEQUATE 648 00:21:53,029 --> 00:21:53,397 IS THIS SCIENTIFICALLY ADEQUATE AND APPROPRIATE? 649 00:21:53,397 --> 00:21:54,699 AND APPROPRIATE? WHERE WE GOING WITH IT? 650 00:21:54,699 --> 00:21:57,468 WHERE WE GOING WITH IT? THE FIRST THING TO ENSURE 651 00:21:57,468 --> 00:21:59,035 THE FIRST THING TO ENSURE PEOPLE, THAT IS THE FRUIT OF 652 00:21:59,035 --> 00:22:00,471 PEOPLE, THAT IS THE FRUIT OF YEARS AND YEARS OF INCREMENTAL 653 00:22:00,471 --> 00:22:02,806 YEARS AND YEARS OF INCREMENTAL RESEARCH THAT HAS COME UP WITH 654 00:22:02,806 --> 00:22:05,276 RESEARCH THAT HAS COME UP WITH THIS NEW PLATFORM THAT HAS 655 00:22:05,276 --> 00:22:06,644 THIS NEW PLATFORM THAT HAS ALLOWED US TO DO THINGS IN A 656 00:22:06,644 --> 00:22:10,314 ALLOWED US TO DO THINGS IN A MATTER OF WEEKS TO MONTHS THAT A 657 00:22:10,314 --> 00:22:11,649 MATTER OF WEEKS TO MONTHS THAT A DECADE AGO, MARK, WOULD HAVE 658 00:22:11,649 --> 00:22:13,651 DECADE AGO, MARK, WOULD HAVE TAKEN YEARS TO DO. 659 00:22:13,651 --> 00:22:17,554 TAKEN YEARS TO DO. WITH NO SACRIFICE OF SCIENTIFIC 660 00:22:17,554 --> 00:22:18,389 WITH NO SACRIFICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY OR SAFETY. 661 00:22:18,389 --> 00:22:21,858 INTEGRITY OR SAFETY. SO THAT EXPLAINS THE SPEED 662 00:22:21,858 --> 00:22:23,059 SO THAT EXPLAINS THE SPEED VARIED WHAT ABOUT THE EFFICACY? 663 00:22:23,059 --> 00:22:27,798 VARIED WHAT ABOUT THE EFFICACY? THE EFFICACY OF THIS VACCINE WAS 664 00:22:27,798 --> 00:22:29,266 THE EFFICACY OF THIS VACCINE WAS PROVEN IN A PHASE THREE TRIALS 665 00:22:29,266 --> 00:22:30,068 PROVEN IN A PHASE THREE TRIALS AND THERE WERE TWO CORE VACCINES 666 00:22:30,068 --> 00:22:31,435 AND THERE WERE TWO CORE VACCINES THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT, BOTH 667 00:22:31,435 --> 00:22:33,237 THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT, BOTH WITH THE SAME PLATFORM. 668 00:22:33,237 --> 00:22:37,542 WITH THE SAME PLATFORM. THE EFFICACY HAS BEEN STUNNINGLY 669 00:22:37,542 --> 00:22:37,741 THE EFFICACY HAS BEEN STUNNINGLY GOOD. 670 00:22:37,741 --> 00:22:38,743 GOOD. AND WHEN I SAY STUNNINGLY GOOD, 671 00:22:38,743 --> 00:22:40,144 AND WHEN I SAY STUNNINGLY GOOD, I MEAN NONE OF US WOULD HAVE 672 00:22:40,144 --> 00:22:46,816 I MEAN NONE OF US WOULD HAVE EXPECTED TO HAVE SEEN A 94, 95% 673 00:22:46,816 --> 00:22:49,020 EXPECTED TO HAVE SEEN A 94, 95% EFFICACIOUS VACCINE WITH NO 674 00:22:49,020 --> 00:22:51,989 EFFICACIOUS VACCINE WITH NO SIGNIFICANT SEVERE ADVERSE 675 00:22:51,989 --> 00:22:53,223 SIGNIFICANT SEVERE ADVERSE EVENTS. 676 00:22:53,223 --> 00:22:55,959 EVENTS. NOT ONLY WAS IT EFFICACIOUS IN 677 00:22:55,959 --> 00:22:57,827 NOT ONLY WAS IT EFFICACIOUS IN PREVENTING CLINICAL DISEASE, 678 00:22:57,827 --> 00:22:58,796 PREVENTING CLINICAL DISEASE, WHEN YOU LOOK AT SEVERITY OF 679 00:22:58,796 --> 00:23:00,664 WHEN YOU LOOK AT SEVERITY OF DISEASE AND YOU COMPARE THE 680 00:23:00,664 --> 00:23:06,104 DISEASE AND YOU COMPARE THE PLACEBO WITH THE VACCINE, IT WAS 681 00:23:06,104 --> 00:23:07,438 PLACEBO WITH THE VACCINE, IT WAS OVERWHELMINGLY FAVORABLE IN 682 00:23:07,438 --> 00:23:08,739 OVERWHELMINGLY FAVORABLE IN PREVENTING SEVERE DISEASE. 683 00:23:08,739 --> 00:23:12,076 PREVENTING SEVERE DISEASE. SO NOW WE HAVE A PRODUCT THAT 684 00:23:12,076 --> 00:23:14,678 SO NOW WE HAVE A PRODUCT THAT WOULD HAVE TAKEN MULTIPLE YEARS 685 00:23:14,678 --> 00:23:16,680 WOULD HAVE TAKEN MULTIPLE YEARS TO DEVELOP THAT NOW SHOW 686 00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:19,716 TO DEVELOP THAT NOW SHOW EFFICACY AND SAFETY TO A VERY 687 00:23:19,716 --> 00:23:21,852 EFFICACY AND SAFETY TO A VERY HIGH DEGREE WITH THE POTENTIAL 688 00:23:21,852 --> 00:23:24,789 HIGH DEGREE WITH THE POTENTIAL OF COMPLETELY TRANSFORMING THIS 689 00:23:24,789 --> 00:23:25,055 OF COMPLETELY TRANSFORMING THIS OUTBREAK. 690 00:23:25,055 --> 00:23:26,390 OUTBREAK. SO THE NATURAL QUESTION IS, 691 00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:29,693 SO THE NATURAL QUESTION IS, WELL, WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SAFETY 692 00:23:29,693 --> 00:23:30,361 WELL, WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SAFETY AND EFFICACY? 693 00:23:30,361 --> 00:23:32,996 AND EFFICACY? HOW DID YOU PROVE THAT? 694 00:23:32,996 --> 00:23:34,131 HOW DID YOU PROVE THAT? DID YOU HAVE PRESSURE FROM THE 695 00:23:34,131 --> 00:23:34,865 DID YOU HAVE PRESSURE FROM THE GOVERNMENT? 696 00:23:34,865 --> 00:23:36,300 GOVERNMENT? DID YOU HAVE PRESSURE FROM THE 697 00:23:36,300 --> 00:23:37,034 DID YOU HAVE PRESSURE FROM THE COMPANY? 698 00:23:37,034 --> 00:23:39,135 COMPANY? WELL, WHAT PEOPLE NEED TO 699 00:23:39,135 --> 00:23:41,972 WELL, WHAT PEOPLE NEED TO APPRECIATE, THAT THE 700 00:23:41,972 --> 00:23:44,275 APPRECIATE, THAT THE CLINICAL TRIAL PROCESS THAT 701 00:23:44,275 --> 00:23:45,376 CLINICAL TRIAL PROCESS THAT DETERMINED THIS HIGH DEGREE OF 702 00:23:45,376 --> 00:23:50,514 DETERMINED THIS HIGH DEGREE OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY WAS DONE IN 703 00:23:50,514 --> 00:23:53,551 EFFICACY AND SAFETY WAS DONE IN TENS OF THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS. 704 00:23:53,551 --> 00:23:56,453 TENS OF THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS. THE MODERNA TRIAL HAD 30,000 705 00:23:56,453 --> 00:23:56,687 THE MODERNA TRIAL HAD 30,000 PEOPLE. 706 00:23:56,687 --> 00:24:00,425 PEOPLE. THE PFIZER TRIAL HAD 44,000 707 00:24:00,425 --> 00:24:04,194 THE PFIZER TRIAL HAD 44,000 PEOPLE IN THE TRIAL AND WHAT WAS 708 00:24:04,194 --> 00:24:06,296 PEOPLE IN THE TRIAL AND WHAT WAS SHOWN IS THAT WHAT PEOPLE DON’T 709 00:24:06,296 --> 00:24:08,566 SHOWN IS THAT WHAT PEOPLE DON’T UNDERSTAND IS THAT THE DATA, 710 00:24:08,566 --> 00:24:09,066 UNDERSTAND IS THAT THE DATA, WHEN IT’S ACCUMULATED TO 711 00:24:09,066 --> 00:24:11,268 WHEN IT’S ACCUMULATED TO DETERMINE IF IT WORKS, THE 712 00:24:11,268 --> 00:24:13,503 DETERMINE IF IT WORKS, THE COMPANY DOESN’T GET THE DATA. 713 00:24:13,503 --> 00:24:15,772 COMPANY DOESN’T GET THE DATA. THE GOVERNMENT DOESN’T GET THE 714 00:24:15,772 --> 00:24:15,972 THE GOVERNMENT DOESN’T GET THE DATA. 715 00:24:15,972 --> 00:24:18,675 DATA. AN INDEPENDENT DATA AND SAFETY 716 00:24:18,675 --> 00:24:21,578 AN INDEPENDENT DATA AND SAFETY MONITORING BOARD MADE UP OF ACTS 717 00:24:21,578 --> 00:24:26,984 MONITORING BOARD MADE UP OF ACTS AND I’LL ADJUST, VIROLOGISTS, 718 00:24:26,984 --> 00:24:28,285 AND I’LL ADJUST, VIROLOGISTS, STATISTICIANS, ETHICISTS, 719 00:24:28,285 --> 00:24:30,487 STATISTICIANS, ETHICISTS, INDEPENDENTLY EVALUATE THE DATA 720 00:24:30,487 --> 00:24:33,890 INDEPENDENTLY EVALUATE THE DATA AND WHEN THEY FEEL THE DATA 721 00:24:33,890 --> 00:24:35,893 AND WHEN THEY FEEL THE DATA TRULY SHOW SAFETY AND EFFICACY, 722 00:24:35,893 --> 00:24:40,431 TRULY SHOW SAFETY AND EFFICACY, THEN THE COMPANY GETS THE DATA. 723 00:24:40,431 --> 00:24:42,466 THEN THE COMPANY GETS THE DATA. THEY LOOK AT THE DATA, ANALYZE 724 00:24:42,466 --> 00:24:45,335 THEY LOOK AT THE DATA, ANALYZE IT AND THEN PUT IN TO THE FDA 725 00:24:45,335 --> 00:24:45,936 IT AND THEN PUT IN TO THE FDA FOR WHAT’S CALLED AN EMERGENCY 726 00:24:45,936 --> 00:24:49,106 FOR WHAT’S CALLED AN EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION OR ULTIMATELY 727 00:24:49,106 --> 00:24:50,974 USE AUTHORIZATION OR ULTIMATELY A BIOLOGICAL LICENSE 728 00:24:50,974 --> 00:24:53,743 A BIOLOGICAL LICENSE APPLICATION, NAMELY APPROVAL. 729 00:24:53,743 --> 00:24:56,680 APPLICATION, NAMELY APPROVAL. THE CAREER SCIENTISTS OF THE 730 00:24:56,680 --> 00:24:57,414 THE CAREER SCIENTISTS OF THE FDA, NO POLITICIANS, BUT PEOPLE 731 00:24:57,414 --> 00:25:00,117 FDA, NO POLITICIANS, BUT PEOPLE WHO DO THIS EVERY DAY, EVALUATE 732 00:25:00,117 --> 00:25:02,219 WHO DO THIS EVERY DAY, EVALUATE THE DATA. 733 00:25:02,219 --> 00:25:04,889 THE DATA. THEY THEN LOOK AT THE DATA 734 00:25:04,889 --> 00:25:06,157 THEY THEN LOOK AT THE DATA TOGETHER WITH AN ADVISORY 735 00:25:06,157 --> 00:25:09,660 TOGETHER WITH AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE THAT’S ESTABLISHED. 736 00:25:09,660 --> 00:25:10,960 COMMITTEE THAT’S ESTABLISHED. IT’S THE DASH IT’S THE VACCINES 737 00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:13,530 IT’S THE DASH IT’S THE VACCINES AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 738 00:25:13,530 --> 00:25:15,332 AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ADVISORY COMMITTEE, REFERRED TO 739 00:25:15,332 --> 00:25:20,638 ADVISORY COMMITTEE, REFERRED TO AS VIRPAC. 740 00:25:20,638 --> 00:25:21,839 AS VIRPAC. ANOTHER INDEPENDENT COMMIT HE 741 00:25:21,839 --> 00:25:22,772 ANOTHER INDEPENDENT COMMIT HE WORKS WITH THE FDA TO DETERMINE 742 00:25:22,772 --> 00:25:24,642 WORKS WITH THE FDA TO DETERMINE IS IT READY TO DO WHAT WE ARE 743 00:25:24,642 --> 00:25:26,610 IS IT READY TO DO WHAT WE ARE GOING TO BE DOING THIS COMING 744 00:25:26,610 --> 00:25:28,579 GOING TO BE DOING THIS COMING MONTH IN DECEMBER STARTING TO 745 00:25:28,579 --> 00:25:31,148 MONTH IN DECEMBER STARTING TO DISTRIBUTE THE DOSES TO THE 746 00:25:31,148 --> 00:25:31,481 DISTRIBUTE THE DOSES TO THE HIGH-PRIORITY? 747 00:25:31,481 --> 00:25:34,952 HIGH-PRIORITY? THAT ENTIRE PROCESS, MARK, IS 748 00:25:34,952 --> 00:25:37,554 THAT ENTIRE PROCESS, MARK, IS INDEPENDENT AND TRANSPARENT 749 00:25:37,554 --> 00:25:41,825 INDEPENDENT AND TRANSPARENT BECAUSE ULTIMATELY ALL THE DATA 750 00:25:41,825 --> 00:25:42,826 BECAUSE ULTIMATELY ALL THE DATA THAT ARE THE FOUNDATION FOR 751 00:25:42,826 --> 00:25:44,495 THAT ARE THE FOUNDATION FOR THOSE DECISIONS ARE GOING TO BE 752 00:25:44,495 --> 00:25:47,564 THOSE DECISIONS ARE GOING TO BE MADE PUBLIC AND PUBLISHED IN A 753 00:25:47,564 --> 00:25:49,833 MADE PUBLIC AND PUBLISHED IN A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL. 754 00:25:49,833 --> 00:25:52,302 PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL. SO I KNOW THERE ARE 755 00:25:52,302 --> 00:25:53,604 SO I KNOW THERE ARE UNDERSTANDABLE QUESTIONS ABOUT 756 00:25:53,604 --> 00:25:55,807 UNDERSTANDABLE QUESTIONS ABOUT IS THERE SOMETHING GOING ON TO 757 00:25:55,807 --> 00:25:56,740 IS THERE SOMETHING GOING ON TO TRY TO SLIP THIS THROUGH FOR ONE 758 00:25:56,740 --> 00:26:00,043 TRY TO SLIP THIS THROUGH FOR ONE REASON OR ANOTHER, YOU CAN BE 759 00:26:00,043 --> 00:26:00,644 REASON OR ANOTHER, YOU CAN BE ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN THAT THAT’S 760 00:26:00,644 --> 00:26:10,187 ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN THAT THAT’S NOT THE CASE. 761 00:26:10,187 --> 00:26:11,722 NOT THE CASE. >> SORRY. 762 00:26:11,722 --> 00:26:14,959 >> SORRY. THAT’S ALL GOOD TO HEAR. 763 00:26:14,959 --> 00:26:16,194 THAT’S ALL GOOD TO HEAR. ONE NEW TYPE OF THESE VACCINE 764 00:26:16,194 --> 00:26:20,363 ONE NEW TYPE OF THESE VACCINE PLATFORMS THAT YOU MENTIONED IS 765 00:26:20,363 --> 00:26:22,098 PLATFORMS THAT YOU MENTIONED IS MRNA, MESSENGER RNA VACCINES. 766 00:26:22,098 --> 00:26:25,169 MRNA, MESSENGER RNA VACCINES. AND YOU KNOW, I PERSONALLY FIND 767 00:26:25,169 --> 00:26:27,271 AND YOU KNOW, I PERSONALLY FIND THIS ADVANCE POTENTIALLY VERY 768 00:26:27,271 --> 00:26:29,440 THIS ADVANCE POTENTIALLY VERY EXCITING, BECAUSE OF THIS NEW 769 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:30,475 EXCITING, BECAUSE OF THIS NEW TYPE OF VACCINE WORKS AS WELL AS 770 00:26:30,475 --> 00:26:31,742 TYPE OF VACCINE WORKS AS WELL AS IT SEEMS SO FAR, THEN IT COULD 771 00:26:31,742 --> 00:26:34,611 IT SEEMS SO FAR, THEN IT COULD BE POSSIBLE TO BUILD ON TOP OF 772 00:26:34,611 --> 00:26:36,446 BE POSSIBLE TO BUILD ON TOP OF THIS ADVANCE TO DEVELOP OTHER 773 00:26:36,446 --> 00:26:37,681 THIS ADVANCE TO DEVELOP OTHER KINDS OF VACCINES FOR FUTURE 774 00:26:37,681 --> 00:26:39,616 KINDS OF VACCINES FOR FUTURE DISEASES A LOT MORE QUICKLY AND 775 00:26:39,616 --> 00:26:40,250 DISEASES A LOT MORE QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY, BUT I’M CURIOUS IF 776 00:26:40,250 --> 00:26:42,520 EFFECTIVELY, BUT I’M CURIOUS IF YOU CAN WALK US THROUGH HOW 777 00:26:42,520 --> 00:26:46,423 YOU CAN WALK US THROUGH HOW THESE TYPES OF VACCINES WORK AND 778 00:26:46,423 --> 00:26:47,423 THESE TYPES OF VACCINES WORK AND WHY THIS NEW TYPE OF APPROACH 779 00:26:47,423 --> 00:26:48,659 WHY THIS NEW TYPE OF APPROACH CAN BE SUCH A POSITIVE 780 00:26:48,659 --> 00:26:50,061 CAN BE SUCH A POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT NOT JUST IN THIS 781 00:26:50,061 --> 00:26:51,995 DEVELOPMENT NOT JUST IN THIS CASE, BUT MORE BROADLY 782 00:26:51,995 --> 00:26:55,032 CASE, BUT MORE BROADLY POTENTIALLY. 783 00:26:55,032 --> 00:26:57,634 POTENTIALLY. >> WELL, SO THE WAY IT WORKS IS 784 00:26:57,634 --> 00:27:01,205 >> WELL, SO THE WAY IT WORKS IS THAT IT ELIMINATES SO MUCH OF 785 00:27:01,205 --> 00:27:02,973 THAT IT ELIMINATES SO MUCH OF THE THINGS THAT HAD FORMALLY 786 00:27:02,973 --> 00:27:04,874 THE THINGS THAT HAD FORMALLY BEEN TRIED AND TRUE. 787 00:27:04,874 --> 00:27:09,413 BEEN TRIED AND TRUE. SO THE STANDARD CLASSIC WAY OF 788 00:27:09,413 --> 00:27:11,815 SO THE STANDARD CLASSIC WAY OF MAKING A VACCINE IS YOU HAVE TO 789 00:27:11,815 --> 00:27:13,450 MAKING A VACCINE IS YOU HAVE TO ISOLATE THE PATHOGEN IN 790 00:27:13,450 --> 00:27:13,717 ISOLATE THE PATHOGEN IN QUESTION. 791 00:27:13,717 --> 00:27:15,885 QUESTION. WHATEVER THAT MIGHT BE. 792 00:27:15,885 --> 00:27:17,488 WHATEVER THAT MIGHT BE. A NEW VIRUS OR WHAT HAVE YOU. 793 00:27:17,488 --> 00:27:21,658 A NEW VIRUS OR WHAT HAVE YOU. THEN YOU HAVE TO GROW IT UP 794 00:27:21,658 --> 00:27:22,692 THEN YOU HAVE TO GROW IT UP EFFICIENTLY. 795 00:27:22,692 --> 00:27:24,595 EFFICIENTLY. EITHER EGGS OR CELLS. 796 00:27:24,595 --> 00:27:27,230 EITHER EGGS OR CELLS. THAT TAKES A LONG TIME. 797 00:27:27,230 --> 00:27:28,332 THAT TAKES A LONG TIME. IT’S FRAUGHT WITH THINGS GOING 798 00:27:28,332 --> 00:27:28,531 IT’S FRAUGHT WITH THINGS GOING WRONG. 799 00:27:28,531 --> 00:27:32,236 WRONG. YOU GROW IT UP, THEN YOU PURIFY 800 00:27:32,236 --> 00:27:36,740 YOU GROW IT UP, THEN YOU PURIFY IT AND YOU EITHER ATTENUATE IT 801 00:27:36,740 --> 00:27:37,874 IT AND YOU EITHER ATTENUATE IT TO GIVE A LIVE ATTENUATED 802 00:27:37,874 --> 00:27:38,543 TO GIVE A LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE OR YOU INACTIVATED TO 803 00:27:38,543 --> 00:27:41,078 VACCINE OR YOU INACTIVATED TO GIVE SORT OF A KILL VACCINE. 804 00:27:41,078 --> 00:27:43,347 GIVE SORT OF A KILL VACCINE. THAT’S THE STANDARD WAY OF DOING 805 00:27:43,347 --> 00:27:43,580 THAT’S THE STANDARD WAY OF DOING THINGS. 806 00:27:43,580 --> 00:27:46,617 THINGS. OVER THE YEARS, GIVEN MOLECULAR 807 00:27:46,617 --> 00:27:47,217 OVER THE YEARS, GIVEN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND THE 808 00:27:47,217 --> 00:27:50,254 BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND THE ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGIES, WE’VE 809 00:27:50,254 --> 00:27:50,821 ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGIES, WE’VE GOTTEN TO BE MUCH MORE 810 00:27:50,821 --> 00:27:53,557 GOTTEN TO BE MUCH MORE SOPHISTICATED NOT REQUIRING 811 00:27:53,557 --> 00:27:56,326 SOPHISTICATED NOT REQUIRING HAVING TO GROW UP THE VIRUS. 812 00:27:56,326 --> 00:28:01,565 HAVING TO GROW UP THE VIRUS. WITH MESSENGER RNA, RNA IS THE 813 00:28:01,565 --> 00:28:03,634 WITH MESSENGER RNA, RNA IS THE MOLECULAR MEANS OF CODING FOR 814 00:28:03,634 --> 00:28:04,267 MOLECULAR MEANS OF CODING FOR PROTEINS, SO IF I WANT TO 815 00:28:04,267 --> 00:28:09,205 PROTEINS, SO IF I WANT TO VACCINATE YOU, MARK, WITH A 816 00:28:09,205 --> 00:28:13,543 VACCINATE YOU, MARK, WITH A COMPONENT OF THE COVID VIRUS, 817 00:28:13,543 --> 00:28:16,046 COMPONENT OF THE COVID VIRUS, THE SARS-COV-2, THE IMPORTANT 818 00:28:16,046 --> 00:28:16,814 THE SARS-COV-2, THE IMPORTANT COMPONENT IS THAT SPIKE PROTEIN 819 00:28:16,814 --> 00:28:17,914 COMPONENT IS THAT SPIKE PROTEIN BECAUSE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE 820 00:28:17,914 --> 00:28:20,517 BECAUSE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE VIRUS UNDER ELECTRON MICROSCOPE, 821 00:28:20,517 --> 00:28:21,852 VIRUS UNDER ELECTRON MICROSCOPE, YOU HAVE THESE SPIKES THAT STICK 822 00:28:21,852 --> 00:28:22,286 YOU HAVE THESE SPIKES THAT STICK OUT. 823 00:28:22,286 --> 00:28:23,253 OUT. THAT’S THE REASON WHY YOU GET 824 00:28:23,253 --> 00:28:25,555 THAT’S THE REASON WHY YOU GET THE WORD CORONAVIRUS, STANDING 825 00:28:25,555 --> 00:28:27,657 THE WORD CORONAVIRUS, STANDING FOR CROWN. 826 00:28:27,657 --> 00:28:29,660 FOR CROWN. IT LOOKS LIKE THE SPIKES ON A 827 00:28:29,660 --> 00:28:30,061 IT LOOKS LIKE THE SPIKES ON A CROWN. 828 00:28:30,061 --> 00:28:31,795 CROWN. WELL, THAT PARTICULAR SPIKE 829 00:28:31,795 --> 00:28:33,931 WELL, THAT PARTICULAR SPIKE PROTEIN IS THE THING YOU WANT 830 00:28:33,931 --> 00:28:35,065 PROTEIN IS THE THING YOU WANT THE BODY TO MAKE AN IMMUNE 831 00:28:35,065 --> 00:28:35,465 THE BODY TO MAKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST. 832 00:28:35,465 --> 00:28:37,433 RESPONSE AGAINST. SO RATHER THAN GETTING INVOLVED 833 00:28:37,433 --> 00:28:39,570 SO RATHER THAN GETTING INVOLVED IN HANDLING THE VIRUS, WHAT 834 00:28:39,570 --> 00:28:42,005 IN HANDLING THE VIRUS, WHAT HAPPENS AS SOON AS THE VIRUS IS 835 00:28:42,005 --> 00:28:44,408 HAPPENS AS SOON AS THE VIRUS IS DISCOVERED, THE TECHNOLOGY TODAY 836 00:28:44,408 --> 00:28:45,576 DISCOVERED, THE TECHNOLOGY TODAY ALLOWS US TO GET THE FULL 837 00:28:45,576 --> 00:28:49,445 ALLOWS US TO GET THE FULL SEQUENCE OF THE VIRUS IN DAYS AS 838 00:28:49,445 --> 00:28:50,247 SEQUENCE OF THE VIRUS IN DAYS AS OPPOSED TO YEARS. 839 00:28:50,247 --> 00:28:52,749 OPPOSED TO YEARS. SO THEN YOU PUBLISH THE SEQUENCE 840 00:28:52,749 --> 00:28:55,585 SO THEN YOU PUBLISH THE SEQUENCE AND ANYBODY IN ANY LAB CAN PULL 841 00:28:55,585 --> 00:29:01,024 AND ANYBODY IN ANY LAB CAN PULL THE SEQUENCE OUT OF THE GENE 842 00:29:01,024 --> 00:29:02,926 THE SEQUENCE OUT OF THE GENE THAT SPECIFICALLY CODES FOR THE 843 00:29:02,926 --> 00:29:03,326 THAT SPECIFICALLY CODES FOR THE SPIKE PROTEIN. 844 00:29:03,326 --> 00:29:05,562 SPIKE PROTEIN. SO YOU DON’T HAVE TO TOUCH THE 845 00:29:05,562 --> 00:29:06,664 SO YOU DON’T HAVE TO TOUCH THE VIRUS. 846 00:29:06,664 --> 00:29:09,066 VIRUS. YOU GO IN THE COMPUTER, YOU PULL 847 00:29:09,066 --> 00:29:10,167 YOU GO IN THE COMPUTER, YOU PULL OUT THE GENE AND YOU STICK IT 848 00:29:10,167 --> 00:29:13,404 OUT THE GENE AND YOU STICK IT INTO THIS MESSENGER RNA. 849 00:29:13,404 --> 00:29:14,070 INTO THIS MESSENGER RNA. NOW, THE PURPOSE OF MESSENGER 850 00:29:14,070 --> 00:29:17,008 NOW, THE PURPOSE OF MESSENGER RNA IN YOUR BODY IS TO CODE FOR 851 00:29:17,008 --> 00:29:17,641 RNA IN YOUR BODY IS TO CODE FOR ALL THE DIFFERENT PROTEINS THAT 852 00:29:17,641 --> 00:29:20,143 ALL THE DIFFERENT PROTEINS THAT YOUR BODY MAKES, SO NOW YOU’RE 853 00:29:20,143 --> 00:29:23,480 YOUR BODY MAKES, SO NOW YOU’RE GOING TO TAKE AN ARTIFICIALLY 854 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:25,315 GOING TO TAKE AN ARTIFICIALLY MADE RNA, YOU’RE GOING TO STICK 855 00:29:25,315 --> 00:29:27,952 MADE RNA, YOU’RE GOING TO STICK THIS PARTICULAR SEQUENCE IN AND 856 00:29:27,952 --> 00:29:30,821 THIS PARTICULAR SEQUENCE IN AND THEN YOU INJECT IT INTO THE 857 00:29:30,821 --> 00:29:31,254 THEN YOU INJECT IT INTO THE BODY. 858 00:29:31,254 --> 00:29:32,255 BODY. IT GOES INTO A CELL AND IT 859 00:29:32,255 --> 00:29:34,991 IT GOES INTO A CELL AND IT STARTS PUMPING OUT PROTEIN, SO 860 00:29:34,991 --> 00:29:37,728 STARTS PUMPING OUT PROTEIN, SO THE BODY SEES THE PROTEIN MAN 861 00:29:37,728 --> 00:29:41,064 THE BODY SEES THE PROTEIN MAN SAYS "I THINK THAT’S THE VIRUS" 862 00:29:41,064 --> 00:29:41,864 SAYS "I THINK THAT’S THE VIRUS" BECAUSE IT’S A SPIKE PROTEIN BUT 863 00:29:41,864 --> 00:29:45,102 BECAUSE IT’S A SPIKE PROTEIN BUT IT ISN’T THE VIRUS, IT’S A 864 00:29:45,102 --> 00:29:47,270 IT ISN’T THE VIRUS, IT’S A HARMLESS PROTEIN THAT YOU MADE 865 00:29:47,270 --> 00:29:49,406 HARMLESS PROTEIN THAT YOU MADE VERY QUICKLY SO TO GIVE THE 866 00:29:49,406 --> 00:29:53,977 VERY QUICKLY SO TO GIVE THE VIEWERS AND THE LISTENERS AN 867 00:29:53,977 --> 00:29:57,347 VIEWERS AND THE LISTENERS AN EXAMPLE, ON JANUARY THE 9TH, THE 868 00:29:57,347 --> 00:30:01,017 EXAMPLE, ON JANUARY THE 9TH, THE CHINESE PUT ON A PUBLIC DATABASE 869 00:30:01,017 --> 00:30:02,085 CHINESE PUT ON A PUBLIC DATABASE THE SEQUENCE. 870 00:30:02,085 --> 00:30:02,719 THE SEQUENCE. ON THE TENTH, WE HAD A MEETING 871 00:30:02,719 --> 00:30:06,089 ON THE TENTH, WE HAD A MEETING WITH MY TEAM THAT SAID WE ARE 872 00:30:06,089 --> 00:30:08,325 WITH MY TEAM THAT SAID WE ARE GOING TO TAKE THAT SEQUENCE, WE 873 00:30:08,325 --> 00:30:09,826 GOING TO TAKE THAT SEQUENCE, WE ARE GOING TO PARTNER WITH A 874 00:30:09,826 --> 00:30:10,727 ARE GOING TO PARTNER WITH A COMPANY, MODERNA, AND WE ARE 875 00:30:10,727 --> 00:30:12,462 COMPANY, MODERNA, AND WE ARE GOING TO MAYBE THREE OR FOUR 876 00:30:12,462 --> 00:30:23,339 GOING TO MAYBE THREE OR FOUR DAYS LATER MEET IN AND 877 00:30:23,339 --> 00:30:25,606 DAYS LATER MEET IN AND BINGO, YOU’D START MAKING AND 878 00:30:25,606 --> 00:30:26,508 BINGO, YOU’D START MAKING AND PRODUCING MESSENGER RNA. 879 00:30:26,508 --> 00:30:28,443 PRODUCING MESSENGER RNA. WELL, ABOUT 63 DAYS LATER, 62 880 00:30:28,443 --> 00:30:30,846 WELL, ABOUT 63 DAYS LATER, 62 DAYS LATER, WE HAD ENOUGH OF IT 881 00:30:30,846 --> 00:30:34,717 DAYS LATER, WE HAD ENOUGH OF IT TO DO A PHASE ONE TRIAL. 882 00:30:34,717 --> 00:30:36,985 TO DO A PHASE ONE TRIAL. AN ABSOLUTELY WORLD INDOOR 883 00:30:36,985 --> 00:30:37,585 AN ABSOLUTELY WORLD INDOOR RECORD TO GO FROM THE TIME YOU 884 00:30:37,585 --> 00:30:40,522 RECORD TO GO FROM THE TIME YOU GET A SEQUENCE TO THE TIME YOU 885 00:30:40,522 --> 00:30:41,322 GET A SEQUENCE TO THE TIME YOU HAVE ENOUGH VACCINE TO DO A 886 00:30:41,322 --> 00:30:42,724 HAVE ENOUGH VACCINE TO DO A PHASE ONE TRIAL. 887 00:30:42,724 --> 00:30:47,428 PHASE ONE TRIAL. A FEW MONTHS LATER, WE WERE IN A 888 00:30:47,428 --> 00:30:49,497 A FEW MONTHS LATER, WE WERE IN A PHASE THREE TRIAL AND THEN 889 00:30:49,497 --> 00:30:50,031 PHASE THREE TRIAL AND THEN BECAUSE THERE WAS SO MUCH 890 00:30:50,031 --> 00:30:51,967 BECAUSE THERE WAS SO MUCH INFECTION IN THE COMMUNITY, A 891 00:30:51,967 --> 00:30:53,836 INFECTION IN THE COMMUNITY, A COUPLE OF MONTHS LATER WE 892 00:30:53,836 --> 00:30:58,039 COUPLE OF MONTHS LATER WE STARTED THE PHASE THREE TRIAL ON 893 00:30:58,039 --> 00:30:58,707 STARTED THE PHASE THREE TRIAL ON JULY 27TH. 894 00:30:58,707 --> 00:31:04,546 JULY 27TH. BY THE TIME YOU GOT TO AUGUST, 895 00:31:04,546 --> 00:31:05,112 BY THE TIME YOU GOT TO AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, WE HAD 896 00:31:05,112 --> 00:31:05,846 SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, WE HAD ENOUGH DATA SO THAT BY THE TIME 897 00:31:05,846 --> 00:31:08,517 ENOUGH DATA SO THAT BY THE TIME WE GOT TO NOVEMBER WE SAID OH, 898 00:31:08,517 --> 00:31:12,788 WE GOT TO NOVEMBER WE SAID OH, MY GOODNESS, WE HAVE A HIGHLY 899 00:31:12,788 --> 00:31:13,721 MY GOODNESS, WE HAVE A HIGHLY EFFICACIOUS, SAFE VACCINE THAT 900 00:31:13,721 --> 00:31:14,757 EFFICACIOUS, SAFE VACCINE THAT WE ARE NOW GOING TO START TO 901 00:31:14,757 --> 00:31:17,159 WE ARE NOW GOING TO START TO ADMINISTER IN DECEMBER. 902 00:31:17,159 --> 00:31:19,194 ADMINISTER IN DECEMBER. THE TECHNOLOGY THAT ALLOWED 903 00:31:19,194 --> 00:31:24,331 THE TECHNOLOGY THAT ALLOWED THAT, MARK, IS BEYOND 904 00:31:24,331 --> 00:31:24,666 THAT, MARK, IS BEYOND UNPRECEDENTED. 905 00:31:24,666 --> 00:31:25,266 UNPRECEDENTED. IT’S SOMETHING THAT IF YOU HAD 906 00:31:25,266 --> 00:31:28,503 IT’S SOMETHING THAT IF YOU HAD TOLD ME THAT TEN YEARS AGO WHEN 907 00:31:28,503 --> 00:31:30,071 TOLD ME THAT TEN YEARS AGO WHEN WE WERE MAKING VACCINES FOR 908 00:31:30,071 --> 00:31:30,672 WE WERE MAKING VACCINES FOR DIFFERENT THINGS, I WOULD’VE 909 00:31:30,672 --> 00:31:33,641 DIFFERENT THINGS, I WOULD’VE TOLD YOU, MARK, I RESPECT YOU, 910 00:31:33,641 --> 00:31:34,543 TOLD YOU, MARK, I RESPECT YOU, BUT THERE’S NO CHANCE IN THE 911 00:31:34,543 --> 00:31:35,143 BUT THERE’S NO CHANCE IN THE WORLD THAT WE ARE GOING TO BE 912 00:31:35,143 --> 00:31:37,579 WORLD THAT WE ARE GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT AND IT WAS DONE. 913 00:31:37,579 --> 00:31:41,116 ABLE TO DO THAT AND IT WAS DONE. AND YOUR POINT IS AN EXCELLENT 914 00:31:41,116 --> 00:31:41,316 AND YOUR POINT IS AN EXCELLENT POINT. 915 00:31:41,316 --> 00:31:43,350 POINT. IF WE ARE SUCCESSFUL, WHICH WE 916 00:31:43,350 --> 00:31:44,652 IF WE ARE SUCCESSFUL, WHICH WE ARE THERE, WE JUST HAVE TO GO 917 00:31:44,652 --> 00:31:46,220 ARE THERE, WE JUST HAVE TO GO THROUGH THE MOTIONS OF PROVING 918 00:31:46,220 --> 00:31:47,722 THROUGH THE MOTIONS OF PROVING IT NOW WITH LARGE NUMBERS OF 919 00:31:47,722 --> 00:31:50,893 IT NOW WITH LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, THAT WE ARE ABLE TO 920 00:31:50,893 --> 00:31:54,428 PEOPLE, THAT WE ARE ABLE TO REALLY CRUSH A DISEASE COVID-19 921 00:31:54,428 --> 00:31:55,930 REALLY CRUSH A DISEASE COVID-19 THE WAY WE DID WITH SMALLPOX AND 922 00:31:55,930 --> 00:31:59,734 THE WAY WE DID WITH SMALLPOX AND POLIO AND MEASLES, WITH THIS NEW 923 00:31:59,734 --> 00:32:01,669 POLIO AND MEASLES, WITH THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY, YOU’RE ABSOLUTELY 924 00:32:01,669 --> 00:32:01,904 TECHNOLOGY, YOU’RE ABSOLUTELY CORRECT. 925 00:32:01,904 --> 00:32:03,838 CORRECT. IT IS SUCH AN ADAPTABLE 926 00:32:03,838 --> 00:32:07,242 IT IS SUCH AN ADAPTABLE TECHNOLOGY THAT IT WOULD LIKELY 927 00:32:07,242 --> 00:32:09,543 TECHNOLOGY THAT IT WOULD LIKELY TRANSFORM THE WAY WE LOOK AT AND 928 00:32:09,543 --> 00:32:12,213 TRANSFORM THE WAY WE LOOK AT AND MAKE VACCINES. 929 00:32:12,213 --> 00:32:14,983 MAKE VACCINES. >> SO I’VE HEARD FROM A LOT OF 930 00:32:14,983 --> 00:32:17,886 >> SO I’VE HEARD FROM A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT 931 00:32:17,886 --> 00:32:19,721 PEOPLE WHO HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT A NEW TYPE OF VACCINE THAT 932 00:32:19,721 --> 00:32:23,491 A NEW TYPE OF VACCINE THAT INVOLVES RNA OR DNA AND WHY WE 933 00:32:23,491 --> 00:32:25,493 INVOLVES RNA OR DNA AND WHY WE CAN EXPECT THAT THIS CAN BE SAFE 934 00:32:25,493 --> 00:32:26,094 CAN EXPECT THAT THIS CAN BE SAFE WITHOUT HAVING ANY ISSUES DOWN 935 00:32:26,094 --> 00:32:27,128 WITHOUT HAVING ANY ISSUES DOWN THE LINE. 936 00:32:27,128 --> 00:32:29,832 THE LINE. SO I’M CURIOUS TO HEAR, YOU 937 00:32:29,832 --> 00:32:32,767 SO I’M CURIOUS TO HEAR, YOU KNOW, HOW YOU WOULD EXPLAIN THAT 938 00:32:32,767 --> 00:32:33,734 KNOW, HOW YOU WOULD EXPLAIN THAT SCIENTIFICALLY AND YOUR THOUGHTS 939 00:32:33,734 --> 00:32:37,272 SCIENTIFICALLY AND YOUR THOUGHTS ON THAT CONCERN OVERALL. 940 00:32:37,272 --> 00:32:39,540 ON THAT CONCERN OVERALL. >> YEAH, BECAUSE WE KNOW WHAT 941 00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:41,576 >> YEAH, BECAUSE WE KNOW WHAT HAPPENS FROM A LOT OF WORK IN 942 00:32:41,576 --> 00:32:42,244 HAPPENS FROM A LOT OF WORK IN THE ANIMAL MODELS, SO THAT RNA 943 00:32:42,244 --> 00:32:44,847 THE ANIMAL MODELS, SO THAT RNA THAT PUMPS IT OUT PUMPS IT OUT 944 00:32:44,847 --> 00:32:46,314 THAT PUMPS IT OUT PUMPS IT OUT FOR A VERY LIMITED PERIOD OF 945 00:32:46,314 --> 00:32:48,350 FOR A VERY LIMITED PERIOD OF TIME, ENOUGH TO GET A GOOD 946 00:32:48,350 --> 00:32:50,619 TIME, ENOUGH TO GET A GOOD IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THEN THE RNA 947 00:32:50,619 --> 00:32:52,587 IMMUNE RESPONSE AND THEN THE RNA DEGRADES THE WAY RNA GENERALLY 948 00:32:52,587 --> 00:32:54,255 DEGRADES THE WAY RNA GENERALLY DEGRADES UNDER MOST 949 00:32:54,255 --> 00:32:55,991 DEGRADES UNDER MOST CIRCUMSTANCES, SO WHAT THE FDA 950 00:32:55,991 --> 00:32:59,761 CIRCUMSTANCES, SO WHAT THE FDA HAS DONE IS THAT THEY ARE NOT 951 00:32:59,761 --> 00:33:03,231 HAS DONE IS THAT THEY ARE NOT GOING TO CONSIDER AN EUA UNTIL 952 00:33:03,231 --> 00:33:06,868 GOING TO CONSIDER AN EUA UNTIL 60 DAYS FOLLOWING THE TIME THAT 953 00:33:06,868 --> 00:33:08,069 60 DAYS FOLLOWING THE TIME THAT HALF THE PEOPLE IN THE TRIAL 954 00:33:08,069 --> 00:33:10,504 HALF THE PEOPLE IN THE TRIAL HAVE RECEIVED THEIR LAST DOSE, 955 00:33:10,504 --> 00:33:11,605 HAVE RECEIVED THEIR LAST DOSE, AND THE REASON THE 60 DAYS IS 956 00:33:11,605 --> 00:33:13,774 AND THE REASON THE 60 DAYS IS THE MAGIC NUMBER, BECAUSE WHEN 957 00:33:13,774 --> 00:33:16,912 THE MAGIC NUMBER, BECAUSE WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE EXPERIENCE OVER 958 00:33:16,912 --> 00:33:19,280 YOU LOOK AT THE EXPERIENCE OVER DECADES WITH VACCINES, THE 959 00:33:19,280 --> 00:33:22,016 DECADES WITH VACCINES, THE INTERMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM 960 00:33:22,016 --> 00:33:25,019 INTERMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM ADVERSE EVENTS ALMOST ALL OCCUR 961 00:33:25,019 --> 00:33:27,689 ADVERSE EVENTS ALMOST ALL OCCUR BETWEEN 30 AND 45 DAYS. 962 00:33:27,689 --> 00:33:30,692 BETWEEN 30 AND 45 DAYS. SO IF YOU WAIT 60 DAYS, YOU 963 00:33:30,692 --> 00:33:32,293 SO IF YOU WAIT 60 DAYS, YOU CUSHION IT A LITTLE AND 964 00:33:32,293 --> 00:33:33,595 CUSHION IT A LITTLE AND OVERSHOOT A LITTLE AND IF YOU 965 00:33:33,595 --> 00:33:35,029 OVERSHOOT A LITTLE AND IF YOU DON’T SEE SEVERE EVENTS DURING 966 00:33:35,029 --> 00:33:37,599 DON’T SEE SEVERE EVENTS DURING THAT TIME, IT’S EXTREMELY 967 00:33:37,599 --> 00:33:38,700 THAT TIME, IT’S EXTREMELY UNLIKELY THAT YOU’RE GOING TO 968 00:33:38,700 --> 00:33:42,671 UNLIKELY THAT YOU’RE GOING TO SEE SEVERE ADVERSE EVENTS. 969 00:33:42,671 --> 00:33:44,740 SEE SEVERE ADVERSE EVENTS. >> AND JUST TO CLEAR UP ONE 970 00:33:44,740 --> 00:33:45,540 >> AND JUST TO CLEAR UP ONE POINT. 971 00:33:45,540 --> 00:33:46,875 POINT. MY UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THESE 972 00:33:46,875 --> 00:33:48,710 MY UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THESE VACCINES DO NOT MODIFY YOUR DNA 973 00:33:48,710 --> 00:33:49,711 VACCINES DO NOT MODIFY YOUR DNA OR RNA. 974 00:33:49,711 --> 00:33:53,280 OR RNA. SO I THINK THAT’S JUST AN 975 00:33:53,280 --> 00:33:54,281 SO I THINK THAT’S JUST AN IMPORTANT MAKE TO CLARIFY. 976 00:33:54,281 --> 00:33:55,083 IMPORTANT MAKE TO CLARIFY. IF I’M GETTING ANYTHING WRONG 977 00:33:55,083 --> 00:33:57,117 IF I’M GETTING ANYTHING WRONG HERE, OF COURSE CORRECT ME. 978 00:33:57,117 --> 00:34:01,557 HERE, OF COURSE CORRECT ME. BUT JUST TO MAKE THAT CLEAR. 979 00:34:01,557 --> 00:34:02,790 BUT JUST TO MAKE THAT CLEAR. >> NO. 980 00:34:02,790 --> 00:34:04,626 >> NO. FIRST OF ALL, DNA IS INHERENT IN 981 00:34:04,626 --> 00:34:07,161 FIRST OF ALL, DNA IS INHERENT IN YOUR OWN NUCLEUS CELL. 982 00:34:07,161 --> 00:34:07,828 YOUR OWN NUCLEUS CELL. STICKING IN ANYTHING FOREIGN 983 00:34:07,828 --> 00:34:10,632 STICKING IN ANYTHING FOREIGN WILL ULTIMATELY GET CLEARED. 984 00:34:10,632 --> 00:34:12,901 WILL ULTIMATELY GET CLEARED. MESSENGER RNA IS THE MESSENGER. 985 00:34:12,901 --> 00:34:16,403 MESSENGER RNA IS THE MESSENGER. IT COMES FROM THE DNA TO THE RNA 986 00:34:16,403 --> 00:34:16,771 IT COMES FROM THE DNA TO THE RNA TO THE PROTEIN. 987 00:34:16,771 --> 00:34:21,542 TO THE PROTEIN. STICKING IN MRNA INTO YOU HAS 988 00:34:21,542 --> 00:34:24,179 STICKING IN MRNA INTO YOU HAS ABSOLUTELY NOTHING TO DO WITH 989 00:34:24,179 --> 00:34:26,280 ABSOLUTELY NOTHING TO DO WITH YOUR OWN DNA OR YOUR OWN RNA. 990 00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:27,015 YOUR OWN DNA OR YOUR OWN RNA. IT’S GOING TO PERFORM ITS 991 00:34:27,015 --> 00:34:28,917 IT’S GOING TO PERFORM ITS FUNCTION AND THEN IT’S GOING TO 992 00:34:28,917 --> 00:34:30,818 FUNCTION AND THEN IT’S GOING TO BE DEGRADED AND IT’S GONE. 993 00:34:30,818 --> 00:34:33,455 BE DEGRADED AND IT’S GONE. IT DOESN’T HAVE ANY IMPRINT ON 994 00:34:33,455 --> 00:34:37,558 IT DOESN’T HAVE ANY IMPRINT ON ANY GENETIC MATERIAL OF YOUR OWN 995 00:34:37,558 --> 00:34:37,726 ANY GENETIC MATERIAL OF YOUR OWN OWN. 996 00:34:37,726 --> 00:34:38,760 OWN. >> GOOD, I’M GLAD WE CAN CLEAR 997 00:34:38,760 --> 00:34:39,927 >> GOOD, I’M GLAD WE CAN CLEAR THAT UP. 998 00:34:39,927 --> 00:34:42,130 THAT UP. A NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAVE ALSO 999 00:34:42,130 --> 00:34:45,532 A NUMBER OF PEOPLE HAVE ALSO WRITTEN IN AND ASKED HOW DO WE 1000 00:34:45,532 --> 00:34:46,834 WRITTEN IN AND ASKED HOW DO WE GET A CLEAR ANSWER ON HOW LONG 1001 00:34:46,834 --> 00:34:49,069 GET A CLEAR ANSWER ON HOW LONG THIS IMMUNITY LASTS? 1002 00:34:49,069 --> 00:34:51,538 THIS IMMUNITY LASTS? IF YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT, YOU 1003 00:34:51,538 --> 00:34:53,241 IF YOU’RE TALKING ABOUT, YOU KNOW, THE EFFECT GOING IN AND 1004 00:34:53,241 --> 00:34:54,209 KNOW, THE EFFECT GOING IN AND POTENTIALLY WEARING OFF, YOU 1005 00:34:54,209 --> 00:34:55,477 POTENTIALLY WEARING OFF, YOU KNOW, DOES IT LOOK LIKE THIS IS 1006 00:34:55,477 --> 00:34:56,678 KNOW, DOES IT LOOK LIKE THIS IS THE TYPE OF THING WE ARE GOING 1007 00:34:56,678 --> 00:34:58,545 THE TYPE OF THING WE ARE GOING TO NEED TO GET BOOSTERS 1008 00:34:58,545 --> 00:35:01,183 TO NEED TO GET BOOSTERS REGULARLY AFTER THE INITIAL TWO 1009 00:35:01,183 --> 00:35:02,149 REGULARLY AFTER THE INITIAL TWO DOSES? 1010 00:35:02,149 --> 00:35:03,251 DOSES? OR DO WE THINK THIS WILL BE 1011 00:35:03,251 --> 00:35:06,721 OR DO WE THINK THIS WILL BE EFFECTIVE FOR A LONG TIME? 1012 00:35:06,721 --> 00:35:09,057 EFFECTIVE FOR A LONG TIME? >> WELL, MARK, ONE OF THE THINGS 1013 00:35:09,057 --> 00:35:10,424 >> WELL, MARK, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT WE HAVE TO BE HONEST ABOUT 1014 00:35:10,424 --> 00:35:10,992 THAT WE HAVE TO BE HONEST ABOUT IN SCIENCE IS THAT WHEN YOU 1015 00:35:10,992 --> 00:35:13,428 IN SCIENCE IS THAT WHEN YOU DON’T KNOW THE ANSWER YOU SAY 1016 00:35:13,428 --> 00:35:13,795 DON’T KNOW THE ANSWER YOU SAY YOU DON’T KNOW. 1017 00:35:13,795 --> 00:35:16,264 YOU DON’T KNOW. AND I DON’T KNOW HOW LONG THE 1018 00:35:16,264 --> 00:35:17,565 AND I DON’T KNOW HOW LONG THE IMMUNITY IS GOING TO LAST WITH 1019 00:35:17,565 --> 00:35:19,033 IMMUNITY IS GOING TO LAST WITH THE VACCINE. 1020 00:35:19,033 --> 00:35:25,473 THE VACCINE. WHEN YOU LOOK AT IMMUNITY TO 1021 00:35:25,473 --> 00:35:27,309 WHEN YOU LOOK AT IMMUNITY TO CORONAVIRUSES IN THE PAST, THEY 1022 00:35:27,309 --> 00:35:28,876 CORONAVIRUSES IN THE PAST, THEY ARE NOT LIFELONG IMMUNITY UNLIKE 1023 00:35:28,876 --> 00:35:29,777 ARE NOT LIFELONG IMMUNITY UNLIKE MEASLES WHEN YOU GET INFECTED 1024 00:35:29,777 --> 00:35:30,445 MEASLES WHEN YOU GET INFECTED WITH MEASLES OR WHEN YOU GET 1025 00:35:30,445 --> 00:35:33,681 WITH MEASLES OR WHEN YOU GET VACCINATED WITH MEASLES, SO WE 1026 00:35:33,681 --> 00:35:35,683 VACCINATED WITH MEASLES, SO WE WOULD HOPE IT’S AT LEAST A FEW 1027 00:35:35,683 --> 00:35:38,152 WOULD HOPE IT’S AT LEAST A FEW YEARS, AND IF IT DOES ULTIMATELY 1028 00:35:38,152 --> 00:35:39,654 YEARS, AND IF IT DOES ULTIMATELY REQUIRE A BOOSTER, FINE. 1029 00:35:39,654 --> 00:35:45,326 REQUIRE A BOOSTER, FINE. I THINK THE FIRST STEP GIVEN THE 1030 00:35:45,326 --> 00:35:47,594 I THINK THE FIRST STEP GIVEN THE NOW, IS TO SHOW THAT IT ACTUALLY 1031 00:35:47,594 --> 00:35:48,930 NOW, IS TO SHOW THAT IT ACTUALLY WORKS. 1032 00:35:48,930 --> 00:35:49,564 WORKS. SO I’M HOPING THAT THE IMMUNITY 1033 00:35:49,564 --> 00:35:51,131 SO I’M HOPING THAT THE IMMUNITY WILL BE DURABLE ENOUGH TO GET US 1034 00:35:51,131 --> 00:35:53,701 WILL BE DURABLE ENOUGH TO GET US THROUGH A COUPLE OF CYCLES AND 1035 00:35:53,701 --> 00:35:55,102 THROUGH A COUPLE OF CYCLES AND IF IT ISN’T, WE WILL CROSS THAT 1036 00:35:55,102 --> 00:35:56,304 IF IT ISN’T, WE WILL CROSS THAT BRIDGE WHEN WE COME TO IT AND 1037 00:35:56,304 --> 00:35:59,974 BRIDGE WHEN WE COME TO IT AND BOOST PEOPLE. 1038 00:35:59,974 --> 00:36:00,541 BOOST PEOPLE. >> SO ONE QUESTION THAT I’M 1039 00:36:00,541 --> 00:36:04,846 >> SO ONE QUESTION THAT I’M SEEING IN THE COMMENTS ARE DUE 1040 00:36:04,846 --> 00:36:05,747 SEEING IN THE COMMENTS ARE DUE THE VACCINES FROM PFIZER OR 1041 00:36:05,747 --> 00:36:08,616 THE VACCINES FROM PFIZER OR JOHNSON & JOHNSON, FOR EXAMPLE, 1042 00:36:08,616 --> 00:36:09,550 JOHNSON & JOHNSON, FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE ANY KNOWN COLLATERAL 1043 00:36:09,550 --> 00:36:12,186 HAVE ANY KNOWN COLLATERAL EFFECTS OR SYMPTOMS LIKE THIS 1044 00:36:12,186 --> 00:36:14,756 EFFECTS OR SYMPTOMS LIKE THIS PERSON MENTIONS A FEVER IN 1045 00:36:14,756 --> 00:36:16,957 PERSON MENTIONS A FEVER IN ADULTS, OR ANYTHING ELSE LIKE 1046 00:36:16,957 --> 00:36:17,592 ADULTS, OR ANYTHING ELSE LIKE THAT? 1047 00:36:17,592 --> 00:36:19,527 THAT? >> WELL, IT IS NOT UNCOMMON, 1048 00:36:19,527 --> 00:36:22,030 >> WELL, IT IS NOT UNCOMMON, MARK, WHEN YOU’RE DEALING WITH 1049 00:36:22,030 --> 00:36:23,464 MARK, WHEN YOU’RE DEALING WITH VACCINES THAT THERE ARE 1050 00:36:23,464 --> 00:36:25,767 VACCINES THAT THERE ARE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS AND THEN THERE 1051 00:36:25,767 --> 00:36:27,068 IMMEDIATE EFFECTS AND THEN THERE ARE THINGS THAT ARE MORE 1052 00:36:27,068 --> 00:36:27,636 ARE THINGS THAT ARE MORE SIGNIFICANT THAT MIGHT OCCUR 1053 00:36:27,636 --> 00:36:28,902 SIGNIFICANT THAT MIGHT OCCUR LATER, AND THAT’S THE ONES WE 1054 00:36:28,902 --> 00:36:32,339 LATER, AND THAT’S THE ONES WE SPOKE ABOUT THAT YOU CAN CAPTURE 1055 00:36:32,339 --> 00:36:35,175 SPOKE ABOUT THAT YOU CAN CAPTURE IN THAT 60-DAY PERIOD, BUT WITH 1056 00:36:35,175 --> 00:36:37,512 IN THAT 60-DAY PERIOD, BUT WITH ANY VACCINE, SOME MORE THAN 1057 00:36:37,512 --> 00:36:39,980 ANY VACCINE, SOME MORE THAN OTHERS, WHEN YOU GET AN 1058 00:36:39,980 --> 00:36:41,716 OTHERS, WHEN YOU GET AN INJECTION, YOU INDUCE A 1059 00:36:41,716 --> 00:36:41,982 INJECTION, YOU INDUCE A RESPONSE. 1060 00:36:41,982 --> 00:36:44,819 RESPONSE. IN SOME PEOPLE, THEY DON’T FEEL 1061 00:36:44,819 --> 00:36:45,120 IN SOME PEOPLE, THEY DON’T FEEL ANYTHING. 1062 00:36:45,120 --> 00:36:47,622 ANYTHING. OTHERS FEEL AN ACHE IN THE ARM. 1063 00:36:47,622 --> 00:36:48,823 OTHERS FEEL AN ACHE IN THE ARM. SOME MAY FEEL AN ACHE IN THE ARM 1064 00:36:48,823 --> 00:36:51,059 SOME MAY FEEL AN ACHE IN THE ARM AND KIND OF A LITTLE CHILLY 1065 00:36:51,059 --> 00:36:52,059 AND KIND OF A LITTLE CHILLY FEELING, ALMOST LIKE YOU HAVE A 1066 00:36:52,059 --> 00:36:54,128 FEELING, ALMOST LIKE YOU HAVE A FLU-LIKE SYNDROME. 1067 00:36:54,128 --> 00:36:54,829 FLU-LIKE SYNDROME. AND IN A MINORITY OF PEOPLE, 1068 00:36:54,829 --> 00:36:56,598 AND IN A MINORITY OF PEOPLE, THEY GET A FEVER. 1069 00:36:56,598 --> 00:36:57,265 THEY GET A FEVER. THEY WILL ACTUALLY GET A FEVER 1070 00:36:57,265 --> 00:36:58,633 THEY WILL ACTUALLY GET A FEVER FOR A DAY. 1071 00:36:58,633 --> 00:37:01,503 FOR A DAY. ALMOST ALL OF THIS GOES AWAY 1072 00:37:01,503 --> 00:37:05,105 ALMOST ALL OF THIS GOES AWAY WITHIN 24 OR AT THE MOST 48 1073 00:37:05,105 --> 00:37:05,306 WITHIN 24 OR AT THE MOST 48 HOURS. 1074 00:37:05,306 --> 00:37:07,542 HOURS. SO WE HAVE TO BE HONEST WHEN WE 1075 00:37:07,542 --> 00:37:09,910 SO WE HAVE TO BE HONEST WHEN WE TELL PEOPLE THE ADVERSE EVENTS, 1076 00:37:09,910 --> 00:37:13,381 TELL PEOPLE THE ADVERSE EVENTS, IF YOU WANT TO CALL THEM, ARE 1077 00:37:13,381 --> 00:37:14,015 IF YOU WANT TO CALL THEM, ARE LOW-GRADE. 1078 00:37:14,015 --> 00:37:16,017 LOW-GRADE. THEY’RE NOT SERIOUS, THEY’RE NOT 1079 00:37:16,017 --> 00:37:16,284 THEY’RE NOT SERIOUS, THEY’RE NOT PROLONGED. 1080 00:37:16,284 --> 00:37:17,518 PROLONGED. THEY ARE LOW-GRADE. 1081 00:37:17,518 --> 00:37:19,720 THEY ARE LOW-GRADE. BUT TO LET PEOPLE THINK THAT YOU 1082 00:37:19,720 --> 00:37:21,155 BUT TO LET PEOPLE THINK THAT YOU GET VACCINATED AND YOU DON’T 1083 00:37:21,155 --> 00:37:22,390 GET VACCINATED AND YOU DON’T FEEL ANYTHING, THAT’S NOT THE 1084 00:37:22,390 --> 00:37:22,589 FEEL ANYTHING, THAT’S NOT THE CASE. 1085 00:37:22,589 --> 00:37:24,025 CASE. YOU DO. 1086 00:37:24,025 --> 00:37:27,362 YOU DO. WHAT YOUR BODY IS TELLING YOU BY 1087 00:37:27,362 --> 00:37:29,730 WHAT YOUR BODY IS TELLING YOU BY THAT RESPONSE IS THAT IT’S 1088 00:37:29,730 --> 00:37:31,666 THAT RESPONSE IS THAT IT’S RESPONDING WELL TO THE 1089 00:37:31,666 --> 00:37:32,232 RESPONDING WELL TO THE INJECTION. 1090 00:37:32,232 --> 00:37:33,334 INJECTION. IT’S MAKING THE KIND OF RESPONSE 1091 00:37:33,334 --> 00:37:37,304 IT’S MAKING THE KIND OF RESPONSE THAT YOU WANT. 1092 00:37:37,304 --> 00:37:39,840 THAT YOU WANT. >> SO ONE OTHER QUESTION THAT 1093 00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:42,944 >> SO ONE OTHER QUESTION THAT I’VE HEARD A NUMBER OF TIMES IS 1094 00:37:42,944 --> 00:37:43,945 I’VE HEARD A NUMBER OF TIMES IS ASKING WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO 1095 00:37:43,945 --> 00:37:48,049 ASKING WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO STORE SOME OF THESE VACCINES AT 1096 00:37:48,049 --> 00:37:49,517 STORE SOME OF THESE VACCINES AT SUCH COLD TEMPERATURES AND IN 1097 00:37:49,517 --> 00:37:50,318 SUCH COLD TEMPERATURES AND IN PRACTICE, DOESN’T THE FACT THAT 1098 00:37:50,318 --> 00:37:51,653 PRACTICE, DOESN’T THE FACT THAT SOME OF THEM NEED TO BE STORED 1099 00:37:51,653 --> 00:37:53,588 SOME OF THEM NEED TO BE STORED IN SUCH COLD TEMPERATURES MAKE 1100 00:37:53,588 --> 00:37:55,190 IN SUCH COLD TEMPERATURES MAKE IT PRETTY DIFFICULT TO 1101 00:37:55,190 --> 00:37:57,057 IT PRETTY DIFFICULT TO DISTRIBUTE THE VACCINE? 1102 00:37:57,057 --> 00:37:59,828 DISTRIBUTE THE VACCINE? HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT IN 1103 00:37:59,828 --> 00:38:02,197 HOW DO YOU THINK ABOUT THAT IN PRACTICE? 1104 00:38:02,197 --> 00:38:04,731 PRACTICE? >> WELL, THERE ARE SIX CANDIDATE 1105 00:38:04,731 --> 00:38:05,599 >> WELL, THERE ARE SIX CANDIDATE VACCINES THAT THE FEDERAL 1106 00:38:05,599 --> 00:38:07,335 VACCINES THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS INVOLVED IN EITHER 1107 00:38:07,335 --> 00:38:09,638 GOVERNMENT IS INVOLVED IN EITHER HELPING DEVELOP OR SUPPORTING 1108 00:38:09,638 --> 00:38:10,304 HELPING DEVELOP OR SUPPORTING THE TRIAL 1109 00:38:10,304 --> 00:38:12,706 THE TRIAL YOU KNOW, FIVE OF THEM NOW ARE 1110 00:38:12,706 --> 00:38:13,574 YOU KNOW, FIVE OF THEM NOW ARE IN EITHER PHASE THREE OR 1111 00:38:13,574 --> 00:38:16,677 IN EITHER PHASE THREE OR FINISHED PHASE THREE, OR COMING 1112 00:38:16,677 --> 00:38:18,145 FINISHED PHASE THREE, OR COMING TO THE END, NOT TOTALLY 1113 00:38:18,145 --> 00:38:20,948 TO THE END, NOT TOTALLY FINISHED, BUT COMING TO THE END 1114 00:38:20,948 --> 00:38:21,315 FINISHED, BUT COMING TO THE END OF PHASE THREE. 1115 00:38:21,315 --> 00:38:24,185 OF PHASE THREE. THEY VARY IN WHAT WE CALL THEIR 1116 00:38:24,185 --> 00:38:26,020 THEY VARY IN WHAT WE CALL THEIR COLD CHAIN REQUIREMENTS. 1117 00:38:26,020 --> 00:38:29,090 COLD CHAIN REQUIREMENTS. SOME OF THEM, AS YOU MENTIONED 1118 00:38:29,090 --> 00:38:30,425 SOME OF THEM, AS YOU MENTIONED CORRECTLY, REQUIRE VERY, VERY 1119 00:38:30,425 --> 00:38:34,795 CORRECTLY, REQUIRE VERY, VERY LOW TEMPERATURES, LIKE MINUS 70 1120 00:38:34,795 --> 00:38:37,465 LOW TEMPERATURES, LIKE MINUS 70 CELSIUS, MINUS 90 FAHRENHEIT, 1121 00:38:37,465 --> 00:38:40,334 CELSIUS, MINUS 90 FAHRENHEIT, AND OTHERS REQUIRE JUST A PLAIN 1122 00:38:40,334 --> 00:38:40,969 AND OTHERS REQUIRE JUST A PLAIN FREEZER AND SOME REQUIRE JUST 1123 00:38:40,969 --> 00:38:43,170 FREEZER AND SOME REQUIRE JUST BEING IN THE REFRIGERATOR. 1124 00:38:43,170 --> 00:38:45,440 BEING IN THE REFRIGERATOR. IT VARIES ACCORDING TO THE 1125 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:46,507 IT VARIES ACCORDING TO THE FORMULATION. 1126 00:38:46,507 --> 00:38:48,943 FORMULATION. I BELIEVE THAT THE ONES THAT 1127 00:38:48,943 --> 00:38:51,112 I BELIEVE THAT THE ONES THAT REALLY REQUIRE THAT VERY 1128 00:38:51,112 --> 00:38:53,347 REALLY REQUIRE THAT VERY STRINGENT COLD, IF THEY STUDY IT 1129 00:38:53,347 --> 00:38:54,816 STRINGENT COLD, IF THEY STUDY IT MORE, A LIKELY WOULD NOT REQUIRE 1130 00:38:54,816 --> 00:38:56,451 MORE, A LIKELY WOULD NOT REQUIRE IT BUT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT, 1131 00:38:56,451 --> 00:38:59,420 IT BUT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT, THEY DID PUT IT UNDER THOSE 1132 00:38:59,420 --> 00:38:59,720 THEY DID PUT IT UNDER THOSE CONDITIONS. 1133 00:38:59,720 --> 00:39:01,788 CONDITIONS. THAT MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR 1134 00:39:01,788 --> 00:39:05,260 THAT MAKES IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR THAT PARTICULAR CANDIDATE TO BE 1135 00:39:05,260 --> 00:39:08,763 THAT PARTICULAR CANDIDATE TO BE DISTRIBUTED IN A COUNTRY OR AN 1136 00:39:08,763 --> 00:39:10,765 DISTRIBUTED IN A COUNTRY OR AN ENVIRONMENT THAT DOESN’T HAVE 1137 00:39:10,765 --> 00:39:13,567 ENVIRONMENT THAT DOESN’T HAVE EASY ACCESS TO COLD CHAIN 1138 00:39:13,567 --> 00:39:14,034 EASY ACCESS TO COLD CHAIN CAPABILITIES. 1139 00:39:14,034 --> 00:39:20,908 CAPABILITIES. BUT IN THIS COUNTRY, THERE WILL 1140 00:39:20,908 --> 00:39:22,376 BUT IN THIS COUNTRY, THERE WILL BE, ACCORDING TO OPERATION WARP 1141 00:39:22,376 --> 00:39:23,410 BE, ACCORDING TO OPERATION WARP SPEED, THE CAPABILITY OF DOING 1142 00:39:23,410 --> 00:39:24,145 SPEED, THE CAPABILITY OF DOING THE KIND OF STORING THAT’S 1143 00:39:24,145 --> 00:39:28,282 THE KIND OF STORING THAT’S NECESSARY TO DO THAT. 1144 00:39:28,282 --> 00:39:29,417 NECESSARY TO DO THAT. THAT IS THE PFIZER PRODUCT. 1145 00:39:29,417 --> 00:39:33,521 THAT IS THE PFIZER PRODUCT. THE MODERNA PRODUCT IS LESS 1146 00:39:33,521 --> 00:39:34,855 THE MODERNA PRODUCT IS LESS SRINGENT. 1147 00:39:34,855 --> 00:39:37,058 SRINGENT. THE J&J PRODUCT IS EVEN LESS 1148 00:39:37,058 --> 00:39:37,492 THE J&J PRODUCT IS EVEN LESS STRINGENT. 1149 00:39:37,492 --> 00:39:40,027 STRINGENT. WHEN IT COMES TO COLD CHAIN. 1150 00:39:40,027 --> 00:39:41,529 WHEN IT COMES TO COLD CHAIN. AND IS GOING TO BE A GREAT DEAL 1151 00:39:41,529 --> 00:39:44,865 AND IS GOING TO BE A GREAT DEAL OF VARIABILITY, BUT YOU’RE 1152 00:39:44,865 --> 00:39:45,532 OF VARIABILITY, BUT YOU’RE ABSOLUTELY CORRECT. 1153 00:39:45,532 --> 00:39:46,833 ABSOLUTELY CORRECT. SOMETIMES A GIVEN VACCINE, AS 1154 00:39:46,833 --> 00:39:48,803 SOMETIMES A GIVEN VACCINE, AS GOOD AS IT MAY BE, WOULD HAVE TO 1155 00:39:48,803 --> 00:39:50,938 GOOD AS IT MAY BE, WOULD HAVE TO BE UTILIZED ONLY IN A 1156 00:39:50,938 --> 00:39:51,472 BE UTILIZED ONLY IN A CIRCUMSTANCE WHERE YOU CAN 1157 00:39:51,472 --> 00:39:53,441 CIRCUMSTANCE WHERE YOU CAN HANDLE THOSE REQUIREMENTS. 1158 00:39:53,441 --> 00:39:55,909 HANDLE THOSE REQUIREMENTS. WHERE OTHER VACCINES MAY NOT 1159 00:39:55,909 --> 00:39:59,947 WHERE OTHER VACCINES MAY NOT REQUIRE AS STRINGENT OF COLD 1160 00:39:59,947 --> 00:40:01,949 REQUIRE AS STRINGENT OF COLD CHAIN CAPABILITY. 1161 00:40:01,949 --> 00:40:02,183 CHAIN CAPABILITY. >> YEAH. 1162 00:40:02,183 --> 00:40:05,253 >> YEAH. SO ONE THING THAT I, THAT I JUST 1163 00:40:05,253 --> 00:40:06,087 SO ONE THING THAT I, THAT I JUST WANT TO SAY AND I WORRY ABOUT 1164 00:40:06,087 --> 00:40:08,655 WANT TO SAY AND I WORRY ABOUT HERE IS THAT NO INTERVENTION IS 1165 00:40:08,655 --> 00:40:10,157 HERE IS THAT NO INTERVENTION IS EVER GOING TO BE PERFECT, BUT 1166 00:40:10,157 --> 00:40:11,625 EVER GOING TO BE PERFECT, BUT JUST BECAUSE SOMETHING ISN’T 1167 00:40:11,625 --> 00:40:14,695 JUST BECAUSE SOMETHING ISN’T PERFECT OR MAY HAVE SOME ISSUES 1168 00:40:14,695 --> 00:40:16,531 PERFECT OR MAY HAVE SOME ISSUES DOESN’T MEAN THAT IT’S STILL NOT 1169 00:40:16,531 --> 00:40:17,130 DOESN’T MEAN THAT IT’S STILL NOT SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN NOT 1170 00:40:17,130 --> 00:40:17,631 SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN NOT GETTING IT AT ALL OR NOT 1171 00:40:17,631 --> 00:40:19,567 GETTING IT AT ALL OR NOT TRUSTING IT. 1172 00:40:19,567 --> 00:40:20,968 TRUSTING IT. AND IT SEEMS LIKE THIS IS A 1173 00:40:20,968 --> 00:40:21,502 AND IT SEEMS LIKE THIS IS A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION ABOUT 1174 00:40:21,502 --> 00:40:26,173 FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION ABOUT SCIENCE THESE DAYS AND I’M 1175 00:40:26,173 --> 00:40:28,275 SCIENCE THESE DAYS AND I’M CURIOUS IF THERE’S ANY KIND OF 1176 00:40:28,275 --> 00:40:29,577 CURIOUS IF THERE’S ANY KIND OF WISDOM THAT YOU WOULD WANT TO 1177 00:40:29,577 --> 00:40:31,312 WISDOM THAT YOU WOULD WANT TO SHARE WITH PEOPLE ABOUT KIND OF 1178 00:40:31,312 --> 00:40:33,214 SHARE WITH PEOPLE ABOUT KIND OF THE PERSPECTIVE ON RISK-BENEFIT 1179 00:40:33,214 --> 00:40:36,851 THE PERSPECTIVE ON RISK-BENEFIT IN THINKING THROUGH THIS. 1180 00:40:36,851 --> 00:40:39,253 IN THINKING THROUGH THIS. >> WELL, YOU’RE ONTO SOMETHING 1181 00:40:39,253 --> 00:40:40,688 >> WELL, YOU’RE ONTO SOMETHING THERE, MARK, AND THAT IS 1182 00:40:40,688 --> 00:40:42,023 THERE, MARK, AND THAT IS SOMETHING WE DEAL WITH IN 1183 00:40:42,023 --> 00:40:44,826 SOMETHING WE DEAL WITH IN MEDICINE ALL THE TIME BECAUSE 1184 00:40:44,826 --> 00:40:47,329 MEDICINE ALL THE TIME BECAUSE WHEN YOU’RE DEALING WITH EITHER 1185 00:40:47,329 --> 00:40:49,764 WHEN YOU’RE DEALING WITH EITHER THE TREATMENT OR THE PREVENTION 1186 00:40:49,764 --> 00:40:51,065 THE TREATMENT OR THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE, THAT YOU’RE GOING TO 1187 00:40:51,065 --> 00:40:53,635 OF DISEASE, THAT YOU’RE GOING TO DO INTERVENTIONS AND THERE ARE 1188 00:40:53,635 --> 00:40:55,769 DO INTERVENTIONS AND THERE ARE NO INTERVENTIONS OF ANYTHING 1189 00:40:55,769 --> 00:40:57,605 NO INTERVENTIONS OF ANYTHING THAT DON’T HAVE SOME RISK. 1190 00:40:57,605 --> 00:41:01,242 THAT DON’T HAVE SOME RISK. IT MIGHT BE A MINUSCULE RISK, 1191 00:41:01,242 --> 00:41:02,577 IT MIGHT BE A MINUSCULE RISK, BUT IT’S NOTHING -- IT’S NOTHING 1192 00:41:02,577 --> 00:41:04,111 BUT IT’S NOTHING -- IT’S NOTHING THAT IS COMPLETELY FREE OF RISK. 1193 00:41:04,111 --> 00:41:05,780 THAT IS COMPLETELY FREE OF RISK. YOU TAKE AN ASPIRIN BUT THERE IS 1194 00:41:05,780 --> 00:41:08,682 YOU TAKE AN ASPIRIN BUT THERE IS A FOR SOME PEOPLE FOR AN 1195 00:41:08,682 --> 00:41:09,150 A FOR SOME PEOPLE FOR AN ASPIRIN. 1196 00:41:09,150 --> 00:41:10,283 ASPIRIN. SO THE WAY WE DEAL WITH IT, WE 1197 00:41:10,283 --> 00:41:13,788 SO THE WAY WE DEAL WITH IT, WE DEAL WITH WHAT’S CALLED RELATIVE 1198 00:41:13,788 --> 00:41:17,491 DEAL WITH WHAT’S CALLED RELATIVE RISK AND RISK-BENEFIT 1199 00:41:17,491 --> 00:41:17,859 RISK AND RISK-BENEFIT RELATIONSHIP. 1200 00:41:17,859 --> 00:41:21,461 RELATIONSHIP. SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE RISK, THE 1201 00:41:21,461 --> 00:41:23,631 SO IF YOU LOOK AT THE RISK, THE RELATIVE RISK OF AN ADVERSE 1202 00:41:23,631 --> 00:41:26,534 RELATIVE RISK OF AN ADVERSE EVENT WITH A VACCINE AND LOOK AT 1203 00:41:26,534 --> 00:41:28,535 EVENT WITH A VACCINE AND LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF FACTS ANALOGY. 1204 00:41:28,535 --> 00:41:31,505 THE HISTORY OF FACTS ANALOGY. IT IS ONE OF THE SAFEST 1205 00:41:31,505 --> 00:41:33,006 IT IS ONE OF THE SAFEST INTERVENTIONS THAT YOU CAN DO. 1206 00:41:33,006 --> 00:41:35,610 INTERVENTIONS THAT YOU CAN DO. IF YOU LOOK AT THE BENEFIT TO 1207 00:41:35,610 --> 00:41:39,613 IF YOU LOOK AT THE BENEFIT TO YOU AS AN INDIVIDUAL AND TO 1208 00:41:39,613 --> 00:41:41,716 YOU AS AN INDIVIDUAL AND TO SOCIETY, PARTICULARLY IN THE 1209 00:41:41,716 --> 00:41:43,785 SOCIETY, PARTICULARLY IN THE CONTEXT OF THIS TERRIBLE 1210 00:41:43,785 --> 00:41:46,553 CONTEXT OF THIS TERRIBLE CHALLENGE WE ARE BEING FACED 1211 00:41:46,553 --> 00:41:47,922 CHALLENGE WE ARE BEING FACED WITH, WITH THIS HORRIBLE 1212 00:41:47,922 --> 00:41:50,724 WITH, WITH THIS HORRIBLE PANDEMIC THAT THIS WORLD, THIS 1213 00:41:50,724 --> 00:41:51,760 PANDEMIC THAT THIS WORLD, THIS PLANET, IS LIVING THROUGH. 1214 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:53,226 PLANET, IS LIVING THROUGH. THAT AN INTERVENTION LIKE A 1215 00:41:53,226 --> 00:41:55,563 THAT AN INTERVENTION LIKE A VACCINE, THAT HISTORICALLY HAS 1216 00:41:55,563 --> 00:41:59,266 VACCINE, THAT HISTORICALLY HAS VERY, VERY LITTLE RISK, THE 1217 00:41:59,266 --> 00:42:01,336 VERY, VERY LITTLE RISK, THE RISK-BENEFIT RATIO 1218 00:42:01,336 --> 00:42:02,002 RISK-BENEFIT RATIO OVERWHELMINGLY, BUT THEN YOU SAY 1219 00:42:02,002 --> 00:42:04,238 OVERWHELMINGLY, BUT THEN YOU SAY WAIT A MINUTE, SOME PEOPLE SAY, 1220 00:42:04,238 --> 00:42:05,507 WAIT A MINUTE, SOME PEOPLE SAY, YOU KNOW, THIS IS A NEW RISK. 1221 00:42:05,507 --> 00:42:07,909 YOU KNOW, THIS IS A NEW RISK. UNBOTHERED BY IT A BIT. 1222 00:42:07,909 --> 00:42:10,912 UNBOTHERED BY IT A BIT. I REALLY WANT AN ABSOLUTE SAFETY 1223 00:42:10,912 --> 00:42:11,479 I REALLY WANT AN ABSOLUTE SAFETY AT ALL. 1224 00:42:11,479 --> 00:42:12,146 AT ALL. YOU’VE GOT TO THINK ABOUT THE 1225 00:42:12,146 --> 00:42:14,849 YOU’VE GOT TO THINK ABOUT THE THINGS THAT YOU DO EVERY DAY I’M 1226 00:42:14,849 --> 00:42:17,852 THINGS THAT YOU DO EVERY DAY I’M OF THE DECISIONS THAT YOU MAKE 1227 00:42:17,852 --> 00:42:20,888 OF THE DECISIONS THAT YOU MAKE ABOUT RISKS THAT YOU TAKE, 1228 00:42:20,888 --> 00:42:21,455 ABOUT RISKS THAT YOU TAKE, GETTING UP IN THE MORNING, 1229 00:42:21,455 --> 00:42:23,623 GETTING UP IN THE MORNING, GETTING IN YOUR CAR AND GOING TO 1230 00:42:23,623 --> 00:42:27,529 GETTING IN YOUR CAR AND GOING TO WORK, THAT THE BENEFIT OF THE 1231 00:42:27,529 --> 00:42:28,429 WORK, THAT THE BENEFIT OF THE GETTING TO A JOB THAT’S GOING TO 1232 00:42:28,429 --> 00:42:32,433 GETTING TO A JOB THAT’S GOING TO SUPPORT YOUR FAMILY IS 1233 00:42:32,433 --> 00:42:33,300 SUPPORT YOUR FAMILY IS OVERWHELMINGLY BETTER THAN THE 1234 00:42:33,300 --> 00:42:34,367 OVERWHELMINGLY BETTER THAN THE RISK THAT YOU’RE GOING TO GET 1235 00:42:34,367 --> 00:42:35,936 RISK THAT YOU’RE GOING TO GET INTO A PROBLEM WITH DRIVING TO 1236 00:42:35,936 --> 00:42:36,270 INTO A PROBLEM WITH DRIVING TO WORK. 1237 00:42:36,270 --> 00:42:38,873 WORK. BUT YET YOU ACCEPT IT. 1238 00:42:38,873 --> 00:42:40,041 BUT YET YOU ACCEPT IT. IT’S A RISK THAT YOU ACCEPT. 1239 00:42:40,041 --> 00:42:42,242 IT’S A RISK THAT YOU ACCEPT. I THINK WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IS 1240 00:42:42,242 --> 00:42:44,279 I THINK WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IS MAKE SURE WE GET PEOPLE TO 1241 00:42:44,279 --> 00:42:46,514 MAKE SURE WE GET PEOPLE TO UNDERSTAND THAT THE RELATIVE 1242 00:42:46,514 --> 00:42:48,349 UNDERSTAND THAT THE RELATIVE RISK OF THIS COMPARED TO OTHER 1243 00:42:48,349 --> 00:42:51,152 RISK OF THIS COMPARED TO OTHER RISKS IS MINUSCULE. 1244 00:42:51,152 --> 00:42:51,819 RISKS IS MINUSCULE. WHEN THEY UNDERSTAND THAT, 1245 00:42:51,819 --> 00:42:53,888 WHEN THEY UNDERSTAND THAT, THEY’LL UNDERSTAND THAT IT ISN’T 1246 00:42:53,888 --> 00:42:57,090 THEY’LL UNDERSTAND THAT IT ISN’T ZERO, BUT IT COMPLETELY 1247 00:42:57,090 --> 00:42:57,859 ZERO, BUT IT COMPLETELY OVERWHELMED BY THE BENEFIT THAT 1248 00:42:57,859 --> 00:43:01,828 OVERWHELMED BY THE BENEFIT THAT YOU WOULD GET. 1249 00:43:01,828 --> 00:43:03,797 YOU WOULD GET. >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE. 1250 00:43:03,797 --> 00:43:06,734 >> YEAH, THAT MAKES SENSE. SO I’M CURIOUS TO MOVE ON TO 1251 00:43:06,734 --> 00:43:07,869 SO I’M CURIOUS TO MOVE ON TO KIND OF MANUFACTURING AND 1252 00:43:07,869 --> 00:43:09,270 KIND OF MANUFACTURING AND AVAILABILITY OF THE VACCINE AND 1253 00:43:09,270 --> 00:43:12,105 AVAILABILITY OF THE VACCINE AND I’M CURIOUS WHAT DO YOU EXPECT 1254 00:43:12,105 --> 00:43:13,774 I’M CURIOUS WHAT DO YOU EXPECT THE TRAJECTORY OF MANUFACTURING 1255 00:43:13,774 --> 00:43:14,775 THE TRAJECTORY OF MANUFACTURING THESE VACCINES WILL BE, AND WHEN 1256 00:43:14,775 --> 00:43:17,043 THESE VACCINES WILL BE, AND WHEN DO YOU EXPECT MOST PEOPLE WILL 1257 00:43:17,043 --> 00:43:21,116 DO YOU EXPECT MOST PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO GET THESE VACCINES? 1258 00:43:21,116 --> 00:43:22,083 BE ABLE TO GET THESE VACCINES? >> WELL, LET’S TALK ABOUT THE 1259 00:43:22,083 --> 00:43:23,284 >> WELL, LET’S TALK ABOUT THE UNITED STATES FIRST AND THEN 1260 00:43:23,284 --> 00:43:23,550 UNITED STATES FIRST AND THEN GLOBALLY. 1261 00:43:23,550 --> 00:43:27,754 GLOBALLY. SO RIGHT NOW THE FEDERAL 1262 00:43:27,754 --> 00:43:29,557 SO RIGHT NOW THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS CONTRACTED WITH 1263 00:43:29,557 --> 00:43:32,693 GOVERNMENT HAS CONTRACTED WITH MULTIPLE COMPANIES TO MAKE ABOUT 1264 00:43:32,693 --> 00:43:33,561 MULTIPLE COMPANIES TO MAKE ABOUT 600 MILLION DOSES OF VACCINE, 1265 00:43:33,561 --> 00:43:36,497 600 MILLION DOSES OF VACCINE, WHICH WOULD BE GOOD ENOUGH FOR 1266 00:43:36,497 --> 00:43:37,298 WHICH WOULD BE GOOD ENOUGH FOR AROUND 300 MILLION PEOPLE 1267 00:43:37,298 --> 00:43:37,731 AROUND 300 MILLION PEOPLE GETTING VACCINATED. 1268 00:43:37,731 --> 00:43:39,433 GETTING VACCINATED. HENCE EVERYONE THAT YOU WOULD 1269 00:43:39,433 --> 00:43:40,066 HENCE EVERYONE THAT YOU WOULD IMAGINE THAT WOULD WANT TO GET 1270 00:43:40,066 --> 00:43:41,435 IMAGINE THAT WOULD WANT TO GET VACCINATED IN THE COUNTRY WOULD 1271 00:43:41,435 --> 00:43:43,637 VACCINATED IN THE COUNTRY WOULD HAVE A VACCINE. 1272 00:43:43,637 --> 00:43:45,906 HAVE A VACCINE. IN DECEMBER, THE FIRST OF THE 1273 00:43:45,906 --> 00:43:48,610 IN DECEMBER, THE FIRST OF THE HIGH PRIORITIES, WHICH WOULD 1274 00:43:48,610 --> 00:43:50,010 HIGH PRIORITIES, WHICH WOULD LIKELY -- IT’S INTERESTING THAT 1275 00:43:50,010 --> 00:43:51,245 LIKELY -- IT’S INTERESTING THAT YOU ASKED THAT QUESTION NOW, 1276 00:43:51,245 --> 00:43:53,847 YOU ASKED THAT QUESTION NOW, MARK, BECAUSE TOMORROW THE 1277 00:43:53,847 --> 00:43:55,550 MARK, BECAUSE TOMORROW THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON 1278 00:43:55,550 --> 00:43:56,683 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES IS 1279 00:43:56,683 --> 00:43:59,520 IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES IS MEETING WITH THE CDC TO TALK 1280 00:43:59,520 --> 00:44:00,120 MEETING WITH THE CDC TO TALK ABOUT WHAT THE RECOMMENDATIONS 1281 00:44:00,120 --> 00:44:02,256 ABOUT WHAT THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT TIERS OF 1282 00:44:02,256 --> 00:44:04,958 OF THE DIFFERENT TIERS OF PRIORITY, WHICH WOULD LIKELY BE 1283 00:44:04,958 --> 00:44:08,562 PRIORITY, WHICH WOULD LIKELY BE A COMBINATION OF HEALTH CARE 1284 00:44:08,562 --> 00:44:09,396 A COMBINATION OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, FRONT-LINE PEOPLE WHO 1285 00:44:09,396 --> 00:44:11,331 PROVIDERS, FRONT-LINE PEOPLE WHO TAKE CARE OF PATIENTS, AS WELL 1286 00:44:11,331 --> 00:44:12,432 TAKE CARE OF PATIENTS, AS WELL AS THOSE WHO ARE AT A HIGHER 1287 00:44:12,432 --> 00:44:14,634 AS THOSE WHO ARE AT A HIGHER RISK, LIKE PEOPLE IN NURSING 1288 00:44:14,634 --> 00:44:16,371 RISK, LIKE PEOPLE IN NURSING HOMES AND THOSE TYPES OF 1289 00:44:16,371 --> 00:44:16,937 HOMES AND THOSE TYPES OF SITUATIONS. 1290 00:44:16,937 --> 00:44:19,773 SITUATIONS. THEN AS WE GET INTO JANUARY, THE 1291 00:44:19,773 --> 00:44:21,475 THEN AS WE GET INTO JANUARY, THE NEXT YEAR AND FEBRUARY AND 1292 00:44:21,475 --> 00:44:23,277 NEXT YEAR AND FEBRUARY AND MARCH, BY THE TIME WE GET TO 1293 00:44:23,277 --> 00:44:25,612 MARCH, BY THE TIME WE GET TO APRIL, THERE WOULD LIKELY HAVE 1294 00:44:25,612 --> 00:44:27,681 APRIL, THERE WOULD LIKELY HAVE TAKEN CARE OF ALL THE 1295 00:44:27,681 --> 00:44:29,917 TAKEN CARE OF ALL THE HIGH-PRIORITY AND IN THE GENERAL 1296 00:44:29,917 --> 00:44:31,619 HIGH-PRIORITY AND IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF THE NORMAL HEALTHY 1297 00:44:31,619 --> 00:44:34,722 POPULATION OF THE NORMAL HEALTHY YOUNG MAN OR WOMAN, 30 YEARS OLD 1298 00:44:34,722 --> 00:44:36,656 YOUNG MAN OR WOMAN, 30 YEARS OLD WHO’S GOT NO UNDERLYING 1299 00:44:36,656 --> 00:44:37,625 WHO’S GOT NO UNDERLYING CONDITIONS CAN WALK IN TO A CVS 1300 00:44:37,625 --> 00:44:40,927 CONDITIONS CAN WALK IN TO A CVS OR TO A WALGREENS AND GET 1301 00:44:40,927 --> 00:44:41,529 OR TO A WALGREENS AND GET VACCINATED. 1302 00:44:41,529 --> 00:44:44,765 VACCINATED. I WOULD THINK AS WE GET THROUGH 1303 00:44:44,765 --> 00:44:47,335 I WOULD THINK AS WE GET THROUGH APRIL AND MAY, THAT WE LIKELY 1304 00:44:47,335 --> 00:44:51,038 APRIL AND MAY, THAT WE LIKELY WOULD HAVE -- FOR THOSE WHO WANT 1305 00:44:51,038 --> 00:44:52,906 WOULD HAVE -- FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO GET VACCINATED, THE 1306 00:44:52,906 --> 00:44:53,474 TO GET VACCINATED, THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE 1307 00:44:53,474 --> 00:44:55,208 OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE THAT WANT TO GET 1308 00:44:55,208 --> 00:44:55,943 PEOPLE THAT WANT TO GET VACCINATED. 1309 00:44:55,943 --> 00:44:58,745 VACCINATED. THE CHALLENGE IS GOING TO BE TO 1310 00:44:58,745 --> 00:45:00,147 THE CHALLENGE IS GOING TO BE TO CONVINCE PEOPLE TO GET 1311 00:45:00,147 --> 00:45:00,781 CONVINCE PEOPLE TO GET VACCINATED, BECAUSE IF YOU HAVE 1312 00:45:00,781 --> 00:45:04,452 VACCINATED, BECAUSE IF YOU HAVE A HIGHLY EFFICACIOUS VACCINE IN 1313 00:45:04,452 --> 00:45:06,287 A HIGHLY EFFICACIOUS VACCINE IN ONLY 50% OF THE COUNTRY GETS 1314 00:45:06,287 --> 00:45:06,920 ONLY 50% OF THE COUNTRY GETS VACCINATED, YOU’RE NOT GOING TO 1315 00:45:06,920 --> 00:45:09,456 VACCINATED, YOU’RE NOT GOING TO HAVE THAT UMBRELLA OF PROTECTION 1316 00:45:09,456 --> 00:45:11,058 HAVE THAT UMBRELLA OF PROTECTION OF HERD IMMUNITY. 1317 00:45:11,058 --> 00:45:14,061 OF HERD IMMUNITY. WHAT YOU REALLY WANT IS ONE, 1318 00:45:14,061 --> 00:45:16,897 WHAT YOU REALLY WANT IS ONE, WHAT WE HAVE, HIGHLY EFFICACIOUS 1319 00:45:16,897 --> 00:45:19,400 WHAT WE HAVE, HIGHLY EFFICACIOUS VACCINE, BUT YOU WANT 75, 85% OF 1320 00:45:19,400 --> 00:45:21,535 VACCINE, BUT YOU WANT 75, 85% OF THE PEOPLE TO GET VACCINATED. 1321 00:45:21,535 --> 00:45:24,471 THE PEOPLE TO GET VACCINATED. IF WE GET TO THAT POINT, MARK, 1322 00:45:24,471 --> 00:45:26,340 IF WE GET TO THAT POINT, MARK, AND WE AND PEOPLE GET 1323 00:45:26,340 --> 00:45:27,408 AND WE AND PEOPLE GET VACCINATED, BY THE END OF THE 1324 00:45:27,408 --> 00:45:28,475 VACCINATED, BY THE END OF THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE YEAR, YOU 1325 00:45:28,475 --> 00:45:30,445 SECOND QUARTER OF THE YEAR, YOU COULD HAVE ENOUGH PROTECTION IN 1326 00:45:30,445 --> 00:45:31,045 COULD HAVE ENOUGH PROTECTION IN THIS COUNTRY THAT THE PANDEMIC 1327 00:45:31,045 --> 00:45:34,849 THIS COUNTRY THAT THE PANDEMIC AS WE KNOW IT WILL BE WELL, WELL 1328 00:45:34,849 --> 00:45:37,551 AS WE KNOW IT WILL BE WELL, WELL SUPPRESSED BELOW THE DANGER 1329 00:45:37,551 --> 00:45:38,151 SUPPRESSED BELOW THE DANGER POINT. 1330 00:45:38,151 --> 00:45:40,755 POINT. >> GOT IT, SO MORE SPECIFICALLY, 1331 00:45:40,755 --> 00:45:41,689 >> GOT IT, SO MORE SPECIFICALLY, WHAT DO YOU EXPECT THE VACCINE 1332 00:45:41,689 --> 00:45:45,025 WHAT DO YOU EXPECT THE VACCINE AVAILABILITY WILL LOOK LIKE 1333 00:45:45,025 --> 00:45:46,627 AVAILABILITY WILL LOOK LIKE LATER THIS WINTER AND THEN IN 1334 00:45:46,627 --> 00:45:47,795 LATER THIS WINTER AND THEN IN THE SPRING AND THEN BY THE 1335 00:45:47,795 --> 00:45:49,163 THE SPRING AND THEN BY THE SUMMER, WHEN YOU EXPECT WE’RE 1336 00:45:49,163 --> 00:45:50,665 SUMMER, WHEN YOU EXPECT WE’RE GOING TO BE AT THE POINT WHERE 1337 00:45:50,665 --> 00:45:52,732 GOING TO BE AT THE POINT WHERE PEOPLE -- WHERE EVERYONE WHO 1338 00:45:52,732 --> 00:45:53,767 PEOPLE -- WHERE EVERYONE WHO WANTS TO GET THE VACCINE IS ABLE 1339 00:45:53,767 --> 00:45:57,371 WANTS TO GET THE VACCINE IS ABLE TO DO SO? 1340 00:45:57,371 --> 00:45:58,673 TO DO SO? >> YEAH, LIKE I SAID, I BELIEVE 1341 00:45:58,673 --> 00:46:00,341 >> YEAH, LIKE I SAID, I BELIEVE THAT WILL BE AS WE ENTER INTO 1342 00:46:00,341 --> 00:46:02,276 THAT WILL BE AS WE ENTER INTO AND GET TO THE END OF THE 1343 00:46:02,276 --> 00:46:05,413 AND GET TO THE END OF THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2021. 1344 00:46:05,413 --> 00:46:06,313 SECOND QUARTER OF 2021. STARTING WITH APRIL AND GOING 1345 00:46:06,313 --> 00:46:08,683 STARTING WITH APRIL AND GOING INTO MAY, JUNE, JULY. 1346 00:46:08,683 --> 00:46:09,850 INTO MAY, JUNE, JULY. BY THAT TIME, IF PEOPLE WANT TO 1347 00:46:09,850 --> 00:46:12,119 BY THAT TIME, IF PEOPLE WANT TO GET IT, THEY CAN GET IT AND 1348 00:46:12,119 --> 00:46:12,720 GET IT, THEY CAN GET IT AND HOPEFULLY EVERYBODY WOULD WANT 1349 00:46:12,720 --> 00:46:15,356 HOPEFULLY EVERYBODY WOULD WANT TO GET IT. 1350 00:46:15,356 --> 00:46:15,589 TO GET IT. >> GOOD. 1351 00:46:15,589 --> 00:46:18,559 >> GOOD. SO A LOT OF PEOPLE ALSO WANT TO 1352 00:46:18,559 --> 00:46:20,560 SO A LOT OF PEOPLE ALSO WANT TO KNOW WHEN SHOULD THEY GET THE 1353 00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:21,561 KNOW WHEN SHOULD THEY GET THE VACCINE? 1354 00:46:21,561 --> 00:46:24,798 VACCINE? IS YOUR PERSPECTIVE THAT IF THE 1355 00:46:24,798 --> 00:46:25,399 IS YOUR PERSPECTIVE THAT IF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY DATA 1356 00:46:25,399 --> 00:46:27,368 EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY DATA ENDS UP AS GOOD AS IT LOOKS NOW, 1357 00:46:27,368 --> 00:46:28,535 ENDS UP AS GOOD AS IT LOOKS NOW, THEN EVERYONE SHOULD TRY AND GET 1358 00:46:28,535 --> 00:46:30,437 THEN EVERYONE SHOULD TRY AND GET THIS AS SOON AS IT’S AVAILABLE, 1359 00:46:30,437 --> 00:46:31,839 THIS AS SOON AS IT’S AVAILABLE, OR IS THERE MORE NUANCE IN HOW 1360 00:46:31,839 --> 00:46:32,806 OR IS THERE MORE NUANCE IN HOW YOU THINK THAT PEOPLE SHOULD 1361 00:46:32,806 --> 00:46:35,409 YOU THINK THAT PEOPLE SHOULD THINK ABOUT THIS? 1362 00:46:35,409 --> 00:46:36,944 THINK ABOUT THIS? >> WELL, YOU KNOW, EACH 1363 00:46:36,944 --> 00:46:37,679 >> WELL, YOU KNOW, EACH INDIVIDUAL PERSON, AS WE ALL 1364 00:46:37,679 --> 00:46:40,847 INDIVIDUAL PERSON, AS WE ALL KNOW, IS DIFFERENT AND THEY HAVE 1365 00:46:40,847 --> 00:46:41,548 KNOW, IS DIFFERENT AND THEY HAVE THEIR OWN ASSESSMENT OF WHAT 1366 00:46:41,548 --> 00:46:42,382 THEIR OWN ASSESSMENT OF WHAT THEY WANT TO DO. 1367 00:46:42,382 --> 00:46:43,550 THEY WANT TO DO. THERE WILL BE THOSE PEOPLE, AND 1368 00:46:43,550 --> 00:46:46,120 THERE WILL BE THOSE PEOPLE, AND I BELIEVE IT WILL BE HEAVILY 1369 00:46:46,120 --> 00:46:47,388 I BELIEVE IT WILL BE HEAVILY WEIGHTED TOWARDS THE ELDERLY AND 1370 00:46:47,388 --> 00:46:49,322 WEIGHTED TOWARDS THE ELDERLY AND THOSE WHO HAVE UNDERLYING 1371 00:46:49,322 --> 00:46:51,225 THOSE WHO HAVE UNDERLYING CONDITIONS WHO SAY I CANNOT RISK 1372 00:46:51,225 --> 00:46:52,692 CONDITIONS WHO SAY I CANNOT RISK GETTING INFECTED, I WANT TO GET 1373 00:46:52,692 --> 00:46:54,361 GETTING INFECTED, I WANT TO GET IT AS SOON AS I POSSIBLY CAN. 1374 00:46:54,361 --> 00:46:57,797 IT AS SOON AS I POSSIBLY CAN. THERE ARE OTHERS THAT MIGHT BE 1375 00:46:57,797 --> 00:46:58,432 THERE ARE OTHERS THAT MIGHT BE YOUNG, HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS THAT 1376 00:46:58,432 --> 00:47:00,601 YOUNG, HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS THAT SAY, YOU KNOW, I ULTIMATELY WANT 1377 00:47:00,601 --> 00:47:04,872 SAY, YOU KNOW, I ULTIMATELY WANT TO GET IT, BUT LET ME WAIT UNTIL 1378 00:47:04,872 --> 00:47:05,672 TO GET IT, BUT LET ME WAIT UNTIL 20, 30 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE 1379 00:47:05,672 --> 00:47:06,941 20, 30 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY GOTTEN IT, IT STILL 1380 00:47:06,941 --> 00:47:08,943 ALREADY GOTTEN IT, IT STILL LOOKS LIKE IT’S REALLY 1381 00:47:08,943 --> 00:47:09,709 LOOKS LIKE IT’S REALLY EFFICACIOUS AND IT DOESN’T LOOK 1382 00:47:09,709 --> 00:47:12,346 EFFICACIOUS AND IT DOESN’T LOOK LIKE THERE’S ANY SEVERE EVENTS. 1383 00:47:12,346 --> 00:47:13,113 LIKE THERE’S ANY SEVERE EVENTS. I WILL GET IT. 1384 00:47:13,113 --> 00:47:14,448 I WILL GET IT. I MAY WAIT TWO OR THREE MONTHS, 1385 00:47:14,448 --> 00:47:16,084 I MAY WAIT TWO OR THREE MONTHS, BUT I WILL GET IT. 1386 00:47:16,084 --> 00:47:17,717 BUT I WILL GET IT. SO I THINK THAT’S GOING TO BE 1387 00:47:17,717 --> 00:47:20,088 SO I THINK THAT’S GOING TO BE THE DICHOTOMY OF THE PEOPLE WHO 1388 00:47:20,088 --> 00:47:21,055 THE DICHOTOMY OF THE PEOPLE WHO REALLY FEEL THAT THE RISK FOR 1389 00:47:21,055 --> 00:47:22,990 REALLY FEEL THAT THE RISK FOR THEM IS HIGH ENOUGH THEY WANT TO 1390 00:47:22,990 --> 00:47:24,558 THEM IS HIGH ENOUGH THEY WANT TO GET IT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE 1391 00:47:24,558 --> 00:47:26,193 GET IT AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE AND THEN OTHERS WHO SAY I WANT 1392 00:47:26,193 --> 00:47:27,394 AND THEN OTHERS WHO SAY I WANT TO ULTIMATELY GET IT, BUT I 1393 00:47:27,394 --> 00:47:31,532 TO ULTIMATELY GET IT, BUT I DON’T REALLY NEED IT RIGHT NOW. 1394 00:47:31,532 --> 00:47:32,332 DON’T REALLY NEED IT RIGHT NOW. >> GOT IT. 1395 00:47:32,332 --> 00:47:33,066 >> GOT IT. AND DO YOU THINK THAT LATTER 1396 00:47:33,066 --> 00:47:36,036 AND DO YOU THINK THAT LATTER APPROACH IS FINE FOR SOME PEOPLE 1397 00:47:36,036 --> 00:47:36,870 APPROACH IS FINE FOR SOME PEOPLE OR DO YOU THINK THOSE PEOPLE ARE 1398 00:47:36,870 --> 00:47:41,541 OR DO YOU THINK THOSE PEOPLE ARE MAKING A MISTAKE MARK >> WELL, I 1399 00:47:41,541 --> 00:47:42,809 MAKING A MISTAKE MARK >> WELL, I THINK FOR THEMSELVES, EACH 1400 00:47:42,809 --> 00:47:43,410 THINK FOR THEMSELVES, EACH INDIVIDUAL PERSON MAKES THEIR 1401 00:47:43,410 --> 00:47:45,345 INDIVIDUAL PERSON MAKES THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL DECISION. 1402 00:47:45,345 --> 00:47:49,483 OWN INDIVIDUAL DECISION. I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE 1403 00:47:49,483 --> 00:47:52,620 I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE 1404 00:47:52,620 --> 00:47:54,187 OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THE COUNTRY VACCINATED BEFORE WE GET 1405 00:47:54,187 --> 00:47:58,091 COUNTRY VACCINATED BEFORE WE GET TO THE END OF THE SECOND QUARTER 1406 00:47:58,091 --> 00:47:59,059 TO THE END OF THE SECOND QUARTER SECOND QUARTER, BECAUSE I WOULD 1407 00:47:59,059 --> 00:48:02,563 SECOND QUARTER, BECAUSE I WOULD LIKE TO SEE CHILDREN, ADULTS, 1408 00:48:02,563 --> 00:48:05,532 LIKE TO SEE CHILDREN, ADULTS, EVERYONE SO THAT WE GET INTO THE 1409 00:48:05,532 --> 00:48:06,867 EVERYONE SO THAT WE GET INTO THE FALL SEASON, THE CHILDREN COULD 1410 00:48:06,867 --> 00:48:09,536 FALL SEASON, THE CHILDREN COULD FEEL REALLY SAFE GOING BACK TO 1411 00:48:09,536 --> 00:48:10,537 FEEL REALLY SAFE GOING BACK TO SCHOOL, THE TEACHERS CAN FEEL 1412 00:48:10,537 --> 00:48:12,072 SCHOOL, THE TEACHERS CAN FEEL SAFE THAT THEY’RE NOT GOING TO 1413 00:48:12,072 --> 00:48:12,973 SAFE THAT THEY’RE NOT GOING TO GET INFECTED. 1414 00:48:12,973 --> 00:48:15,509 GET INFECTED. WE CAN GET BACK TO THE ECONOMY 1415 00:48:15,509 --> 00:48:17,711 WE CAN GET BACK TO THE ECONOMY BEING ROBUST, RESTAURANTS CAN 1416 00:48:17,711 --> 00:48:19,947 BEING ROBUST, RESTAURANTS CAN OPEN TO FULL CAPACITY, THAT’S 1417 00:48:19,947 --> 00:48:21,448 OPEN TO FULL CAPACITY, THAT’S WHAT I LIKE TO SEE. 1418 00:48:21,448 --> 00:48:24,918 WHAT I LIKE TO SEE. BUT YOU’RE NOT GOING TO SEE IT, 1419 00:48:24,918 --> 00:48:27,721 BUT YOU’RE NOT GOING TO SEE IT, MAJORITY GET VACCINATED, SO IN 1420 00:48:27,721 --> 00:48:29,757 MAJORITY GET VACCINATED, SO IN THAT SENSE, I WOULD LIKE TO SEE 1421 00:48:29,757 --> 00:48:32,059 THAT SENSE, I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE RELUCTANT PEOPLE GET 1422 00:48:32,059 --> 00:48:34,128 THE RELUCTANT PEOPLE GET VACCINATED SOONER RATHER THAN 1423 00:48:34,128 --> 00:48:34,928 VACCINATED SOONER RATHER THAN LATER. 1424 00:48:34,928 --> 00:48:35,796 LATER. IF THEY WANT TO WAIT A MONTH OR 1425 00:48:35,796 --> 00:48:38,165 IF THEY WANT TO WAIT A MONTH OR SO, THAT’S OKAY. 1426 00:48:38,165 --> 00:48:39,333 SO, THAT’S OKAY. THAT MIGHT BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH 1427 00:48:39,333 --> 00:48:41,702 THAT MIGHT BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PACE OF BEING ABLE TO 1428 00:48:41,702 --> 00:48:43,270 THE PACE OF BEING ABLE TO IMPLEMENT, BUT I DON’T WANT THEM 1429 00:48:43,270 --> 00:48:46,907 IMPLEMENT, BUT I DON’T WANT THEM TO WAIT 6-8-9 MONTHS. 1430 00:48:46,907 --> 00:48:48,275 TO WAIT 6-8-9 MONTHS. I THINK THEY SHOULD DO IT WITHIN 1431 00:48:48,275 --> 00:48:50,311 I THINK THEY SHOULD DO IT WITHIN THAT PERIOD OF THE FIRST TWO 1432 00:48:50,311 --> 00:48:53,747 THAT PERIOD OF THE FIRST TWO QUARTERS OF 2021. 1433 00:48:53,747 --> 00:48:55,249 QUARTERS OF 2021. >> GOT IT, AND WHAT DO YOU THINK 1434 00:48:55,249 --> 00:48:58,318 >> GOT IT, AND WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST ARGUMENT TO CONVINCE 1435 00:48:58,318 --> 00:48:59,953 IS THE BEST ARGUMENT TO CONVINCE THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE TAKING THE 1436 00:48:59,953 --> 00:49:01,555 THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE TAKING THE VACCINE DURING THAT TIME FRAME 1437 00:49:01,555 --> 00:49:05,526 VACCINE DURING THAT TIME FRAME IS THE RIGHT DECISION FOR THEIR 1438 00:49:05,526 --> 00:49:07,160 IS THE RIGHT DECISION FOR THEIR AND THEIR FAMILIES HEALTH? 1439 00:49:07,160 --> 00:49:09,395 AND THEIR FAMILIES HEALTH? >> WELL, BECAUSE AS LONG AS YOU 1440 00:49:09,395 --> 00:49:11,231 >> WELL, BECAUSE AS LONG AS YOU ARE SUSCEPTIBLE, YOU ARE PART OF 1441 00:49:11,231 --> 00:49:12,967 ARE SUSCEPTIBLE, YOU ARE PART OF THE PROBLEM, NOT PART OF THE 1442 00:49:12,967 --> 00:49:13,233 THE PROBLEM, NOT PART OF THE SOLUTION. 1443 00:49:13,233 --> 00:49:17,271 SOLUTION. WHEN YOU ARE PROTECTED, YOU ARE 1444 00:49:17,271 --> 00:49:19,607 WHEN YOU ARE PROTECTED, YOU ARE ANOTHER PERSON THE VIRUS CAN’T 1445 00:49:19,607 --> 00:49:20,808 ANOTHER PERSON THE VIRUS CAN’T IMPACT WHERE IF YOU ARE 1446 00:49:20,808 --> 00:49:22,810 IMPACT WHERE IF YOU ARE VULNERABLE, EVEN IF YOU DON’T 1447 00:49:22,810 --> 00:49:23,443 VULNERABLE, EVEN IF YOU DON’T GET A LOT OF SYMPTOMS, THE FACT 1448 00:49:23,443 --> 00:49:25,646 GET A LOT OF SYMPTOMS, THE FACT THAT YOU’VE BEEN INFECTED MEANS 1449 00:49:25,646 --> 00:49:26,680 THAT YOU’VE BEEN INFECTED MEANS YOU ARE INADVERTENTLY 1450 00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:29,283 YOU ARE INADVERTENTLY PROPAGATING THE OUTBREAK, SO IF 1451 00:49:29,283 --> 00:49:31,085 PROPAGATING THE OUTBREAK, SO IF YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE 1452 00:49:31,085 --> 00:49:33,654 YOU WANT TO BE PART OF THE SOLUTION, GET VACCINATED AND SAY 1453 00:49:33,654 --> 00:49:35,490 SOLUTION, GET VACCINATED AND SAY I’M NOT GOING TO BE ONE OF THE 1454 00:49:35,490 --> 00:49:37,291 I’M NOT GOING TO BE ONE OF THE PEOPLE THAT’S GOING TO BE A 1455 00:49:37,291 --> 00:49:38,025 PEOPLE THAT’S GOING TO BE A STEPPING-STONE FOR THE VIRUS TO 1456 00:49:38,025 --> 00:49:39,593 STEPPING-STONE FOR THE VIRUS TO GO TO SOMEBODY ELSE. 1457 00:49:39,593 --> 00:49:40,661 GO TO SOMEBODY ELSE. I’M GOING TO BE A DEAD END TO 1458 00:49:40,661 --> 00:49:44,731 I’M GOING TO BE A DEAD END TO THE VIRUS. 1459 00:49:44,731 --> 00:49:44,964 THE VIRUS. >> YEAH. 1460 00:49:44,964 --> 00:49:47,668 >> YEAH. SO THERE ARE NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 1461 00:49:47,668 --> 00:49:48,669 SO THERE ARE NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FRONT OF HERD IMMUNITY 1462 00:49:48,669 --> 00:49:51,071 ABOUT THE FRONT OF HERD IMMUNITY AND WHAT PERCENT OF OUR SOCIETY 1463 00:49:51,071 --> 00:49:52,172 AND WHAT PERCENT OF OUR SOCIETY WE CURRENTLY BELIEVE WOULD HAVE 1464 00:49:52,172 --> 00:49:52,806 WE CURRENTLY BELIEVE WOULD HAVE TO BE VACCINATED FOR EVERYONE TO 1465 00:49:52,806 --> 00:49:54,942 TO BE VACCINATED FOR EVERYONE TO BE GENERALLY SAFE? 1466 00:49:54,942 --> 00:49:56,110 BE GENERALLY SAFE? DO WE KNOW THAT? 1467 00:49:56,110 --> 00:49:56,743 DO WE KNOW THAT? WHAT’S OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING 1468 00:49:56,743 --> 00:49:58,711 WHAT’S OUR CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THAT? 1469 00:49:58,711 --> 00:50:00,280 OF THAT? >> WE DON’T HAVE A DEFINITIVE 1470 00:50:00,280 --> 00:50:01,882 >> WE DON’T HAVE A DEFINITIVE PERCENTAGE OF THAT FOR THIS 1471 00:50:01,882 --> 00:50:04,752 PERCENTAGE OF THAT FOR THIS DISEASE YET BECAUSE WE ARE SUCH 1472 00:50:04,752 --> 00:50:08,188 DISEASE YET BECAUSE WE ARE SUCH --, YOU KNOW WE ARE NOVICES IN 1473 00:50:08,188 --> 00:50:09,389 --, YOU KNOW WE ARE NOVICES IN THIS BECAUSE WE ARE ONLY DEALING 1474 00:50:09,389 --> 00:50:11,191 THIS BECAUSE WE ARE ONLY DEALING WITH IT FOR LESS THAN A YEAR, 1475 00:50:11,191 --> 00:50:11,959 WITH IT FOR LESS THAN A YEAR, TEN MONTHS. 1476 00:50:11,959 --> 00:50:13,394 TEN MONTHS. WE HAVE SOME PRETTY GOOD 1477 00:50:13,394 --> 00:50:14,260 WE HAVE SOME PRETTY GOOD INFORMATION FOR OTHER DISEASES, 1478 00:50:14,260 --> 00:50:16,362 INFORMATION FOR OTHER DISEASES, FOR EXAMPLE, MEASLES, WHICH IS 1479 00:50:16,362 --> 00:50:17,564 FOR EXAMPLE, MEASLES, WHICH IS ONE OF THE MOST CONTAGIOUS 1480 00:50:17,564 --> 00:50:19,967 ONE OF THE MOST CONTAGIOUS VIRUSES KNOWN TO MAN. 1481 00:50:19,967 --> 00:50:24,170 VIRUSES KNOWN TO MAN. IT HAS A VACCINE THAT’S ABOUT 1482 00:50:24,170 --> 00:50:26,173 IT HAS A VACCINE THAT’S ABOUT 97-98% EFFECTIVE. 1483 00:50:26,173 --> 00:50:27,307 97-98% EFFECTIVE. IN ORDER TO GET HERD IMMUNITY, 1484 00:50:27,307 --> 00:50:29,576 IN ORDER TO GET HERD IMMUNITY, YOU’VE GOT TO STAY ABOVE 90% OF 1485 00:50:29,576 --> 00:50:30,077 YOU’VE GOT TO STAY ABOVE 90% OF THE PEOPLE VACCINATED. 1486 00:50:30,077 --> 00:50:33,080 THE PEOPLE VACCINATED. IF YOU DON’T, GET INTO THE 80, 1487 00:50:33,080 --> 00:50:35,149 IF YOU DON’T, GET INTO THE 80, YOU’RE GOING TO FIND OUT THE 1488 00:50:35,149 --> 00:50:35,748 YOU’RE GOING TO FIND OUT THE KINDS OF OUTBREAKS WE SAW IN 1489 00:50:35,748 --> 00:50:38,318 KINDS OF OUTBREAKS WE SAW IN SOME OF THE COMMUNITIES IN THE 1490 00:50:38,318 --> 00:50:40,620 SOME OF THE COMMUNITIES IN THE NEW YORK CITY AREA A COUPLE OF 1491 00:50:40,620 --> 00:50:41,855 NEW YORK CITY AREA A COUPLE OF YEARS AGO. 1492 00:50:41,855 --> 00:50:45,558 YEARS AGO. WITH THIS VACCINE AND THIS 1493 00:50:45,558 --> 00:50:48,029 WITH THIS VACCINE AND THIS VIRUS, ALTHOUGH I DON’T KNOW 1494 00:50:48,029 --> 00:50:48,962 VIRUS, ALTHOUGH I DON’T KNOW DEFINITIVELY, MARK, WHAT THAT 1495 00:50:48,962 --> 00:50:51,699 DEFINITIVELY, MARK, WHAT THAT PERCENTAGE IS, I WOULD IMAGINE 1496 00:50:51,699 --> 00:50:53,766 PERCENTAGE IS, I WOULD IMAGINE IT’S SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 75 AND 1497 00:50:53,766 --> 00:50:57,971 IT’S SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 75 AND 85%, AT LEAST. 1498 00:50:57,971 --> 00:50:58,805 85%, AT LEAST. >> INTERESTING. 1499 00:50:58,805 --> 00:50:59,974 >> INTERESTING. SO I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE 1500 00:50:59,974 --> 00:51:02,376 SO I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE GET A CHANCE TO ADDRESS SOME OF 1501 00:51:02,376 --> 00:51:03,576 GET A CHANCE TO ADDRESS SOME OF THE SOCIAL EQUITY ISSUES AROUND 1502 00:51:03,576 --> 00:51:05,913 THE SOCIAL EQUITY ISSUES AROUND VACCINE ACCESS AS WELL. 1503 00:51:05,913 --> 00:51:07,347 VACCINE ACCESS AS WELL. BECAUSE I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE 1504 00:51:07,347 --> 00:51:08,115 BECAUSE I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE WOULD BE WILLING TO PAY A LOT OF 1505 00:51:08,115 --> 00:51:09,883 WOULD BE WILLING TO PAY A LOT OF MONEY TO GET A VACCINE SOONER, 1506 00:51:09,883 --> 00:51:12,185 MONEY TO GET A VACCINE SOONER, BUT HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE 1507 00:51:12,185 --> 00:51:13,253 BUT HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE SURE THAT THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT 1508 00:51:13,253 --> 00:51:17,323 SURE THAT THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT THE MOST CAN GET IT, INCLUDING 1509 00:51:17,323 --> 00:51:17,924 THE MOST CAN GET IT, INCLUDING VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AND NOT 1510 00:51:17,924 --> 00:51:20,860 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AND NOT JUST IN THE U.S., BUT AROUND THE 1511 00:51:20,860 --> 00:51:21,161 JUST IN THE U.S., BUT AROUND THE WORLD? 1512 00:51:21,161 --> 00:51:23,263 WORLD? AND THERE’S A QUESTION IN THE 1513 00:51:23,263 --> 00:51:26,734 AND THERE’S A QUESTION IN THE COMMENTS HERE ABOUT WHETHER ANY 1514 00:51:26,734 --> 00:51:27,300 COMMENTS HERE ABOUT WHETHER ANY HIGH-RISK GROUPS WILL GET A 1515 00:51:27,300 --> 00:51:29,836 HIGH-RISK GROUPS WILL GET A PRIORITY ON ACCESS TO THE 1516 00:51:29,836 --> 00:51:31,271 PRIORITY ON ACCESS TO THE VACCINE. 1517 00:51:31,271 --> 00:51:35,576 VACCINE. >> WELL, THERE’S GOOD NEWS 1518 00:51:35,576 --> 00:51:37,110 >> WELL, THERE’S GOOD NEWS ANSWERS TO ALL OF YOUR QUESTION. 1519 00:51:37,110 --> 00:51:37,810 ANSWERS TO ALL OF YOUR QUESTION. ENOUGH VACCINE HAS BEEN ORDERED 1520 00:51:37,810 --> 00:51:41,949 ENOUGH VACCINE HAS BEEN ORDERED AND PAID FOR TO BE ABLE TO GET 1521 00:51:41,949 --> 00:51:44,284 AND PAID FOR TO BE ABLE TO GET VIRTUALLY ANYBODY WHO NEEDS A 1522 00:51:44,284 --> 00:51:45,719 VIRTUALLY ANYBODY WHO NEEDS A VACCINE, WHO WANTS A VACCINE IN 1523 00:51:45,719 --> 00:51:47,187 VACCINE, WHO WANTS A VACCINE IN THIS COUNTRY. 1524 00:51:47,187 --> 00:51:47,788 THIS COUNTRY. I WILL GET TO THE GLOBAL 1525 00:51:47,788 --> 00:51:50,190 I WILL GET TO THE GLOBAL SITUATION IN A MOMENT. 1526 00:51:50,190 --> 00:51:51,624 SITUATION IN A MOMENT. IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINE, 1527 00:51:51,624 --> 00:51:53,826 IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINE, BECAUSE ONCE YOU START 1528 00:51:53,826 --> 00:51:56,496 BECAUSE ONCE YOU START DISTRIBUTING IT, ON DAY ONE YOU 1529 00:51:56,496 --> 00:51:58,598 DISTRIBUTING IT, ON DAY ONE YOU DON’T HAVE ENOUGH VACCINE FOR 1530 00:51:58,598 --> 00:52:04,404 DON’T HAVE ENOUGH VACCINE FOR EVERYBODY, SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE 1531 00:52:04,404 --> 00:52:06,740 EVERYBODY, SO YOU HAVE TO HAVE TOMORROW, TUESDAY, THE AC IP, 1532 00:52:06,740 --> 00:52:08,509 TOMORROW, TUESDAY, THE AC IP, THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND 1533 00:52:08,509 --> 00:52:09,676 THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES WILL BE 1534 00:52:09,676 --> 00:52:13,213 IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES WILL BE MEETING WITH THE CDC TO DISCUSS 1535 00:52:13,213 --> 00:52:15,282 MEETING WITH THE CDC TO DISCUSS WHAT THE VARIOUS TEARS OF 1536 00:52:15,282 --> 00:52:15,848 WHAT THE VARIOUS TEARS OF PRIORITIZATION IS. 1537 00:52:15,848 --> 00:52:18,119 PRIORITIZATION IS. HEALTH CARE WORKERS, VULNERABLE 1538 00:52:18,119 --> 00:52:22,388 HEALTH CARE WORKERS, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, ESSENTIAL WORKERS. 1539 00:52:22,388 --> 00:52:23,022 PEOPLE, ESSENTIAL WORKERS. SCHOOLTEACHERS, CHILDREN, ON AND 1540 00:52:23,022 --> 00:52:24,291 SCHOOLTEACHERS, CHILDREN, ON AND ON AND ON. 1541 00:52:24,291 --> 00:52:27,728 ON AND ON. SO THERE ILL BE A FORMULA FOR 1542 00:52:27,728 --> 00:52:29,263 SO THERE ILL BE A FORMULA FOR THAT AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE 1543 00:52:29,263 --> 00:52:31,565 THAT AND ONE OF THE THINGS WE HAVE TO DO IS TO MAKE SURE THAT 1544 00:52:31,565 --> 00:52:34,400 HAVE TO DO IS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE HEALTH CARE SETTING IN 1545 00:52:34,400 --> 00:52:36,603 THE HEALTH CARE SETTING IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY 1546 00:52:36,603 --> 00:52:39,306 DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY WITH DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC 1547 00:52:39,306 --> 00:52:40,207 WITH DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS DOESN’T GET IN THE WAY OF 1548 00:52:40,207 --> 00:52:44,377 GROUPS DOESN’T GET IN THE WAY OF THEM GETTING VACCINE IN AN 1549 00:52:44,377 --> 00:52:44,811 THEM GETTING VACCINE IN AN EXPEDITIOUS MANNER. 1550 00:52:44,811 --> 00:52:47,180 EXPEDITIOUS MANNER. SO THAT IS GOING TO DEPEND VERY 1551 00:52:47,180 --> 00:52:49,817 SO THAT IS GOING TO DEPEND VERY HEAVILY ON THE LOCAL PUBLIC 1552 00:52:49,817 --> 00:52:52,352 HEAVILY ON THE LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM TO GET THE 1553 00:52:52,352 --> 00:52:54,121 HEALTH SYSTEM TO GET THE VACCINES TO THE PEOPLE WHO NEED 1554 00:52:54,121 --> 00:52:55,722 VACCINES TO THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT, BECAUSE THERE CERTAINLY WILL 1555 00:52:55,722 --> 00:52:58,592 IT, BECAUSE THERE CERTAINLY WILL BE ENOUGH VACCINE FOR PEOPLE, 1556 00:52:58,592 --> 00:53:00,327 BE ENOUGH VACCINE FOR PEOPLE, WE’VE GOT TO GET IT TO THOSE WHO 1557 00:53:00,327 --> 00:53:02,796 WE’VE GOT TO GET IT TO THOSE WHO NEED IT AND THAT WILL BE HEAVILY 1558 00:53:02,796 --> 00:53:03,864 NEED IT AND THAT WILL BE HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON THE LOCAL 1559 00:53:03,864 --> 00:53:05,698 DEPENDENT ON THE LOCAL HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM. 1560 00:53:05,698 --> 00:53:08,102 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM. SO IF ALL THINGS WORK WELL, WE 1561 00:53:08,102 --> 00:53:10,303 SO IF ALL THINGS WORK WELL, WE KNOW THE DOSES ARE GOING TO BE 1562 00:53:10,303 --> 00:53:12,739 KNOW THE DOSES ARE GOING TO BE DELIVERED BECAUSE WE HAVE A VERY 1563 00:53:12,739 --> 00:53:14,875 DELIVERED BECAUSE WE HAVE A VERY GOOD LOGISTIC SYSTEM OF DOING 1564 00:53:14,875 --> 00:53:16,343 GOOD LOGISTIC SYSTEM OF DOING THAT. 1565 00:53:16,343 --> 00:53:18,912 THAT. ONCE IT GETS DELIVERED TO THE 1566 00:53:18,912 --> 00:53:20,814 ONCE IT GETS DELIVERED TO THE PLACES WHERE IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE 1567 00:53:20,814 --> 00:53:21,849 PLACES WHERE IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE ADMINISTERED, THAT’S ANOTHER 1568 00:53:21,849 --> 00:53:24,050 ADMINISTERED, THAT’S ANOTHER CHALLENGE TO MAKE SURE IT GETS 1569 00:53:24,050 --> 00:53:27,587 CHALLENGE TO MAKE SURE IT GETS DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE WHO 1570 00:53:27,587 --> 00:53:27,954 DISTRIBUTED TO THE PEOPLE WHO REALLY NEED IT. 1571 00:53:27,954 --> 00:53:29,656 REALLY NEED IT. THAT’S FOR THIS COUNTRY. 1572 00:53:29,656 --> 00:53:33,894 THAT’S FOR THIS COUNTRY. IF YOU REALLY WANT TO BE FREE OF 1573 00:53:33,894 --> 00:53:38,698 IF YOU REALLY WANT TO BE FREE OF THE THREAT OF COVID-19, THIS IS 1574 00:53:38,698 --> 00:53:40,167 THE THREAT OF COVID-19, THIS IS A GLOBAL PROBLEM WITH A GLOBAL 1575 00:53:40,167 --> 00:53:44,037 A GLOBAL PROBLEM WITH A GLOBAL SOLUTION, WHICH MEANS WE MUST BE 1576 00:53:44,037 --> 00:53:46,740 SOLUTION, WHICH MEANS WE MUST BE ABLE AS A GLOBAL COMMUNITY TO 1577 00:53:46,740 --> 00:53:49,042 ABLE AS A GLOBAL COMMUNITY TO VACCINATE THE ENTIRE WORLD. 1578 00:53:49,042 --> 00:53:51,812 VACCINATE THE ENTIRE WORLD. AND WE KNOW FROM EXPERIENCE THAT 1579 00:53:51,812 --> 00:53:53,881 AND WE KNOW FROM EXPERIENCE THAT CERTAIN COUNTRIES DON’T HAVE THE 1580 00:53:53,881 --> 00:53:55,681 CERTAIN COUNTRIES DON’T HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF GETTING, MAKING, 1581 00:53:55,681 --> 00:54:00,087 CAPABILITY OF GETTING, MAKING, OR PURCHASING VACCINE FOR THEIR 1582 00:54:00,087 --> 00:54:01,922 OR PURCHASING VACCINE FOR THEIR OWN POPULATION, SO THAT’S WHERE 1583 00:54:01,922 --> 00:54:05,259 OWN POPULATION, SO THAT’S WHERE YOU GET A NUMBER OF 1584 00:54:05,259 --> 00:54:06,259 YOU GET A NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING GAVI, 1585 00:54:06,259 --> 00:54:11,764 ORGANIZATIONS, INCLUDING GAVI, THE W.H.O., AND OTHERS, TO GET 1586 00:54:11,764 --> 00:54:12,933 THE W.H.O., AND OTHERS, TO GET THE DEVELOPED NATIONS THAT ARE 1587 00:54:12,933 --> 00:54:14,867 THE DEVELOPED NATIONS THAT ARE RICH NATIONS TO PUT IN TO MAKE 1588 00:54:14,867 --> 00:54:19,573 RICH NATIONS TO PUT IN TO MAKE SURE THAT ENOUGH VACCINE IS 1589 00:54:19,573 --> 00:54:20,706 SURE THAT ENOUGH VACCINE IS MANUFACTURED TO THE TUNE OF 1590 00:54:20,706 --> 00:54:24,143 MANUFACTURED TO THE TUNE OF BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOSES 1591 00:54:24,143 --> 00:54:27,648 BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF DOSES SO THAT WE CAN DO WITH COVID-19 1592 00:54:27,648 --> 00:54:29,349 SO THAT WE CAN DO WITH COVID-19 WHAT WE DID WITH SMALLPOX AND 1593 00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:33,519 WHAT WE DID WITH SMALLPOX AND WHAT WE DID WITH POLIO IN MOST 1594 00:54:33,519 --> 00:54:34,821 WHAT WE DID WITH POLIO IN MOST COUNTRIES WHO ARE ON THE VERGE 1595 00:54:34,821 --> 00:54:36,289 COUNTRIES WHO ARE ON THE VERGE OF ERADICATING IT AND WHAT WE’VE 1596 00:54:36,289 --> 00:54:37,691 OF ERADICATING IT AND WHAT WE’VE DONE IN MANY RESPECTS WITH 1597 00:54:37,691 --> 00:54:38,525 DONE IN MANY RESPECTS WITH MEASLES EVEN THOUGH WE STILL 1598 00:54:38,525 --> 00:54:41,494 MEASLES EVEN THOUGH WE STILL COULD DO BETTER WITH MEASLES. 1599 00:54:41,494 --> 00:54:44,798 COULD DO BETTER WITH MEASLES. BECAUSE I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN OF 1600 00:54:44,798 --> 00:54:49,102 BECAUSE I HAVE ALWAYS BEEN OF THE FEELING AND THE PRINCIPAL 1601 00:54:49,102 --> 00:54:52,740 THE FEELING AND THE PRINCIPAL THAT HEALTH FOR THE WORLD SHOULD 1602 00:54:52,740 --> 00:54:55,876 THAT HEALTH FOR THE WORLD SHOULD NOT BE DETERMINED BY THE 1603 00:54:55,876 --> 00:54:56,510 NOT BE DETERMINED BY THE POORNESS OR THE LACK OF 1604 00:54:56,510 --> 00:54:59,079 POORNESS OR THE LACK OF RESOURCES OF A COUNTRY, THAT WE 1605 00:54:59,079 --> 00:55:02,216 RESOURCES OF A COUNTRY, THAT WE HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION AS A 1606 00:55:02,216 --> 00:55:05,785 HAVE A MORAL OBLIGATION AS A GLOBAL COMMUNITY OF COUNTRIES 1607 00:55:05,785 --> 00:55:09,122 GLOBAL COMMUNITY OF COUNTRIES THAT HAVE WEALTH TO MAKE SURE 1608 00:55:09,122 --> 00:55:09,722 THAT HAVE WEALTH TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ELIMINATE THE SCOURGE 1609 00:55:09,722 --> 00:55:11,324 THAT WE ELIMINATE THE SCOURGE FROM THE ENTIRE WORLD, NOT ONLY 1610 00:55:11,324 --> 00:55:14,695 FROM THE ENTIRE WORLD, NOT ONLY FROM OUR OWN PROVINCIAL 1611 00:55:14,695 --> 00:55:17,830 FROM OUR OWN PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENT. 1612 00:55:17,830 --> 00:55:18,465 ENVIRONMENT. >> YEAH, I THINK THAT THAT MAKES 1613 00:55:18,465 --> 00:55:20,401 >> YEAH, I THINK THAT THAT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE AND I KNOW WE ARE 1614 00:55:20,401 --> 00:55:22,802 A LOT OF SENSE AND I KNOW WE ARE RUNNING A LITTLE LONG HERE, BUT 1615 00:55:22,802 --> 00:55:25,105 RUNNING A LITTLE LONG HERE, BUT MAYBE JUST ONE OR TWO MORE 1616 00:55:25,105 --> 00:55:25,771 MAYBE JUST ONE OR TWO MORE QUESTIONS. 1617 00:55:25,771 --> 00:55:26,740 QUESTIONS. I’M CURIOUS HOW YOU THINK 1618 00:55:26,740 --> 00:55:29,542 I’M CURIOUS HOW YOU THINK ABOUT -- GOING BACK TO THE 1619 00:55:29,542 --> 00:55:32,178 ABOUT -- GOING BACK TO THE QUESTION AROUND RISK/REWARD, HOW 1620 00:55:32,178 --> 00:55:33,513 QUESTION AROUND RISK/REWARD, HOW YOU THINK DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC 1621 00:55:33,513 --> 00:55:36,516 YOU THINK DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS SHOULD THINK ABOUT THE 1622 00:55:36,516 --> 00:55:37,517 GROUPS SHOULD THINK ABOUT THE VACCINE IN THEIR OWN PERSONAL 1623 00:55:37,517 --> 00:55:37,718 VACCINE IN THEIR OWN PERSONAL PLANS? 1624 00:55:37,718 --> 00:55:40,820 PLANS? SO FOR EXAMPLE, ONE AT THE MIC 1625 00:55:40,820 --> 00:55:42,223 SO FOR EXAMPLE, ONE AT THE MIC VACCINE EXPERT TOLD ME HE FELT 1626 00:55:42,223 --> 00:55:44,458 VACCINE EXPERT TOLD ME HE FELT MUCH MORE STRONGLY THAT IS OLDER 1627 00:55:44,458 --> 00:55:45,759 MUCH MORE STRONGLY THAT IS OLDER GET THE MOTHER GET THE VACCINE 1628 00:55:45,759 --> 00:55:46,927 GET THE MOTHER GET THE VACCINE AND YOUNGER KIDS GET IT BECAUSE 1629 00:55:46,927 --> 00:55:52,565 AND YOUNGER KIDS GET IT BECAUSE AS YOU SAID BEFORE, AN OLDER 1630 00:55:52,565 --> 00:55:53,132 AS YOU SAID BEFORE, AN OLDER GROUP THAT POTENTIALLY COULD 1631 00:55:53,132 --> 00:55:56,369 GROUP THAT POTENTIALLY COULD SUFFER MORE, BUT ARE THERE OTHER 1632 00:55:56,369 --> 00:55:58,438 SUFFER MORE, BUT ARE THERE OTHER WAYS YOU THINK THAT DIFFERENT 1633 00:55:58,438 --> 00:56:00,241 WAYS YOU THINK THAT DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS SHOULD THINK 1634 00:56:00,241 --> 00:56:03,244 DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS SHOULD THINK ABOUT THIS AS WE NEAR THE 1635 00:56:03,244 --> 00:56:04,545 ABOUT THIS AS WE NEAR THE AVAILABILITY OF A VACCINE, HOW 1636 00:56:04,545 --> 00:56:05,612 AVAILABILITY OF A VACCINE, HOW DIFFERENT GROUPS SHOULD THINK 1637 00:56:05,612 --> 00:56:09,215 DIFFERENT GROUPS SHOULD THINK ABOUT GETTING THE VACCINE? 1638 00:56:09,215 --> 00:56:10,517 ABOUT GETTING THE VACCINE? >> WELL, YOU KNOW, THERE ARE 1639 00:56:10,517 --> 00:56:12,652 >> WELL, YOU KNOW, THERE ARE STRATEGIC VACCINATIONS. 1640 00:56:12,652 --> 00:56:14,086 STRATEGIC VACCINATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU MADE AN 1641 00:56:14,086 --> 00:56:18,292 FOR EXAMPLE, YOU MADE AN INTERESTING STORY THERE THAT IT 1642 00:56:18,292 --> 00:56:21,194 INTERESTING STORY THERE THAT IT MAY BE THAT THE OLDER PERSON 1643 00:56:21,194 --> 00:56:22,529 MAY BE THAT THE OLDER PERSON DOESN’T RESPOND VERY WELL AND IS 1644 00:56:22,529 --> 00:56:23,797 DOESN’T RESPOND VERY WELL AND IS NOT PROTECTED AND IT MAY BE EVEN 1645 00:56:23,797 --> 00:56:27,101 NOT PROTECTED AND IT MAY BE EVEN BETTER TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE 1646 00:56:27,101 --> 00:56:28,502 BETTER TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE THAT SHE, GRANDMA, IS GOING TO 1647 00:56:28,502 --> 00:56:30,670 THAT SHE, GRANDMA, IS GOING TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH, SO MAYBE 1648 00:56:30,670 --> 00:56:32,472 COME INTO CONTACT WITH, SO MAYBE IF YOU VACCINATE THE YOUNGER 1649 00:56:32,472 --> 00:56:34,407 IF YOU VACCINATE THE YOUNGER PERSON, YOU PREVENT HIM FROM 1650 00:56:34,407 --> 00:56:36,909 PERSON, YOU PREVENT HIM FROM SPREADING THE INFECTION TO HER. 1651 00:56:36,909 --> 00:56:38,144 SPREADING THE INFECTION TO HER. THAT HAS BEEN ONE OF THE 1652 00:56:38,144 --> 00:56:40,781 THAT HAS BEEN ONE OF THE STRATEGIES FOR A NUMBER OF 1653 00:56:40,781 --> 00:56:41,881 STRATEGIES FOR A NUMBER OF VACCINES, TO VACCINATE CHILDREN, 1654 00:56:41,881 --> 00:56:43,016 VACCINES, TO VACCINATE CHILDREN, EVEN THOUGH THEY DON’T GET AS 1655 00:56:43,016 --> 00:56:45,986 EVEN THOUGH THEY DON’T GET AS SICK AS THE ELDERLY IN ORDER TO 1656 00:56:45,986 --> 00:56:46,620 SICK AS THE ELDERLY IN ORDER TO PREVENT THEM FROM TRANSMITTING 1657 00:56:46,620 --> 00:56:48,554 PREVENT THEM FROM TRANSMITTING IT TO THE ELDERLY. 1658 00:56:48,554 --> 00:56:51,758 IT TO THE ELDERLY. THAT DOESN’T SEEM TO BE THE CASE 1659 00:56:51,758 --> 00:56:53,727 THAT DOESN’T SEEM TO BE THE CASE WITH COVID-19, BUT YOU MAKE A 1660 00:56:53,727 --> 00:56:54,026 WITH COVID-19, BUT YOU MAKE A GOOD POINT. 1661 00:56:54,026 --> 00:56:59,699 GOOD POINT. I AM CONCERNED MORE ABOUT 1662 00:56:59,699 --> 00:57:01,934 I AM CONCERNED MORE ABOUT VACCINES FOR DIFFERENT 1663 00:57:01,934 --> 00:57:02,803 VACCINES FOR DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS THAT NORMALLY 1664 00:57:02,803 --> 00:57:05,305 DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS THAT NORMALLY ARE RELUCTANT TO GET VACCINATED, 1665 00:57:05,305 --> 00:57:08,975 ARE RELUCTANT TO GET VACCINATED, LIKE THE MINORITY COMMUNITIES. 1666 00:57:08,975 --> 00:57:13,447 LIKE THE MINORITY COMMUNITIES. WE ABSOLUTELY, AFRICAN-AMERICANS 1667 00:57:13,447 --> 00:57:14,514 WE ABSOLUTELY, AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND LATINX SUFFER 1668 00:57:14,514 --> 00:57:16,349 AND LATINX SUFFER DISPROPORTIONATELY FROM 1669 00:57:16,349 --> 00:57:17,551 DISPROPORTIONATELY FROM COVID-19, AND YET THOSE OF THE 1670 00:57:17,551 --> 00:57:20,487 COVID-19, AND YET THOSE OF THE POPULATIONS, PARTICULARLY 1671 00:57:20,487 --> 00:57:21,021 POPULATIONS, PARTICULARLY AFRICAN-AMERICANS WHO HAVE 1672 00:57:21,021 --> 00:57:22,922 AFRICAN-AMERICANS WHO HAVE SKEPTICISM ABOUT GOVERNMENT 1673 00:57:22,922 --> 00:57:26,760 SKEPTICISM ABOUT GOVERNMENT SPONSORED MEDICAL PROGRAMS, FOR 1674 00:57:26,760 --> 00:57:28,327 SPONSORED MEDICAL PROGRAMS, FOR GOOD REASON, BECAUSE THE 1675 00:57:28,327 --> 00:57:34,401 GOOD REASON, BECAUSE THE EXTRAORINARILY TRAGIC STORY OF 1676 00:57:34,401 --> 00:57:35,134 EXTRAORINARILY TRAGIC STORY OF TUSKEGEE STILL LOOMS LARGE IN 1677 00:57:35,134 --> 00:57:36,370 TUSKEGEE STILL LOOMS LARGE IN THE MEMORY OF SOME OF THE OLDER 1678 00:57:36,370 --> 00:57:38,271 THE MEMORY OF SOME OF THE OLDER INDIVIDUALS THAT PASS IT DOWN TO 1679 00:57:38,271 --> 00:57:41,707 INDIVIDUALS THAT PASS IT DOWN TO THE YOUNGER GENERATION. 1680 00:57:41,707 --> 00:57:45,045 THE YOUNGER GENERATION. SO WE’VE GOT TO REACH OUT AND 1681 00:57:45,045 --> 00:57:46,780 SO WE’VE GOT TO REACH OUT AND ENGAGE THEM AT THE COMMUNITY 1682 00:57:46,780 --> 00:57:48,782 ENGAGE THEM AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL TO MAKE SURE THAT THAT 1683 00:57:48,782 --> 00:57:50,983 LEVEL TO MAKE SURE THAT THAT RELUCTANCE, FOR REASONS THAT ARE 1684 00:57:50,983 --> 00:57:52,485 RELUCTANCE, FOR REASONS THAT ARE UNDERSTANDABLE, DON’T PREVENT 1685 00:57:52,485 --> 00:57:54,220 UNDERSTANDABLE, DON’T PREVENT PEOPLE WHO REALLY NEED THE 1686 00:57:54,220 --> 00:57:57,891 PEOPLE WHO REALLY NEED THE VACCINE FROM GETTING THE VACCINE 1687 00:57:57,891 --> 00:58:00,394 VACCINE FROM GETTING THE VACCINE VACCINE. 1688 00:58:00,394 --> 00:58:01,561 VACCINE. >> THANKS, I THINK THAT THAT 1689 00:58:01,561 --> 00:58:02,295 >> THANKS, I THINK THAT THAT MAKES SENSE AND DOCTOR, I KNOW 1690 00:58:02,295 --> 00:58:05,799 MAKES SENSE AND DOCTOR, I KNOW WE ARE RUNNING SHORT ON TIME. 1691 00:58:05,799 --> 00:58:06,699 WE ARE RUNNING SHORT ON TIME. SO BEFORE WRAPPING UP I JUST 1692 00:58:06,699 --> 00:58:09,135 SO BEFORE WRAPPING UP I JUST WANT TO ASK YOU, ARE THERE ANY 1693 00:58:09,135 --> 00:58:10,303 WANT TO ASK YOU, ARE THERE ANY OTHER WORDS OF WISDOM THAT YOU 1694 00:58:10,303 --> 00:58:10,970 OTHER WORDS OF WISDOM THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH THE 1695 00:58:10,970 --> 00:58:14,006 WOULD LIKE TO SHARE WITH THE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO WILL 1696 00:58:14,006 --> 00:58:15,474 MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO WILL WATCH THIS, AND JUST WANT TO 1697 00:58:15,474 --> 00:58:17,611 WATCH THIS, AND JUST WANT TO KNOW HOW WE ARE GOING TO GET 1698 00:58:17,611 --> 00:58:19,546 KNOW HOW WE ARE GOING TO GET THROUGH THIS? 1699 00:58:19,546 --> 00:58:20,547 THROUGH THIS? >> YEAH, WELL THANK YOU FOR 1700 00:58:20,547 --> 00:58:23,283 >> YEAH, WELL THANK YOU FOR GIVING ME THAT OPPORTUNITY, 1701 00:58:23,283 --> 00:58:23,482 GIVING ME THAT OPPORTUNITY, MARK. 1702 00:58:23,482 --> 00:58:26,920 MARK. WE ARE ALL LIVING THROUGH A 1703 00:58:26,920 --> 00:58:30,657 WE ARE ALL LIVING THROUGH A TERRIBLE ORDEAL THAT IS NOT OVER 1704 00:58:30,657 --> 00:58:32,459 TERRIBLE ORDEAL THAT IS NOT OVER OVER. 1705 00:58:32,459 --> 00:58:35,695 OVER. THIS ISSUE OF COVID FATIGUE THAT 1706 00:58:35,695 --> 00:58:38,198 THIS ISSUE OF COVID FATIGUE THAT REALLY IS WEARING AND TEARING AT 1707 00:58:38,198 --> 00:58:39,765 REALLY IS WEARING AND TEARING AT US BOTH FROM A PERSONAL 1708 00:58:39,765 --> 00:58:41,601 US BOTH FROM A PERSONAL STANDPOINT, FROM AN ECONOMIC 1709 00:58:41,601 --> 00:58:43,670 STANDPOINT, FROM AN ECONOMIC STANDPOINT, PEOPLE ARE SUFFERING 1710 00:58:43,670 --> 00:58:45,839 STANDPOINT, PEOPLE ARE SUFFERING IN SO MANY DIFFERENT WAYS FROM 1711 00:58:45,839 --> 00:58:47,740 IN SO MANY DIFFERENT WAYS FROM THIS TERRIBLE EXPERIENCE WE ARE 1712 00:58:47,740 --> 00:58:48,074 THIS TERRIBLE EXPERIENCE WE ARE GOING THROUGH. 1713 00:58:48,074 --> 00:58:51,010 GOING THROUGH. IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT WORD OF 1714 00:58:51,010 --> 00:58:52,612 IF YOU WANT TO CALL IT WORD OF WISDOM, IT’S MORE WORD OF 1715 00:58:52,612 --> 00:58:52,946 WISDOM, IT’S MORE WORD OF ENCOURAGEMENT. 1716 00:58:52,946 --> 00:58:55,182 ENCOURAGEMENT. THIS WILL END. 1717 00:58:55,182 --> 00:58:58,784 THIS WILL END. WE GOT TO HANG IN THERE TOGETHER 1718 00:58:58,784 --> 00:58:59,486 WE GOT TO HANG IN THERE TOGETHER AND TAKE CARE OF EACH OTHER. 1719 00:58:59,486 --> 00:59:01,721 AND TAKE CARE OF EACH OTHER. IT WILL END. 1720 00:59:01,721 --> 00:59:05,325 IT WILL END. THE VACCINES ARE ON THE 1721 00:59:05,325 --> 00:59:05,991 THE VACCINES ARE ON THE IMMEDIATE HORIZON TO BE STARTING 1722 00:59:05,991 --> 00:59:10,029 IMMEDIATE HORIZON TO BE STARTING TO BE DISTRIBUTED IN THE MONTH 1723 00:59:10,029 --> 00:59:12,999 TO BE DISTRIBUTED IN THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, TOMORROW IS 1724 00:59:12,999 --> 00:59:14,100 OF DECEMBER, TOMORROW IS DECEMBER THE 1ST, AS WE GET TO 1725 00:59:14,100 --> 00:59:16,937 DECEMBER THE 1ST, AS WE GET TO THE MIDDLE AND END OF DECEMBER 1726 00:59:16,937 --> 00:59:17,671 THE MIDDLE AND END OF DECEMBER YOU’RE GOING TO START GETTING 1727 00:59:17,671 --> 00:59:20,373 YOU’RE GOING TO START GETTING VACCINES DISTRIBUTED ALL THROUGH 1728 00:59:20,373 --> 00:59:23,042 VACCINES DISTRIBUTED ALL THROUGH JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH, APRIL. 1729 00:59:23,042 --> 00:59:24,444 JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH, APRIL. SO RATHER THAN GETTING 1730 00:59:24,444 --> 00:59:26,480 SO RATHER THAN GETTING DISCOURAGED, WHICH IS AN 1731 00:59:26,480 --> 00:59:27,581 DISCOURAGED, WHICH IS AN UNDERSTANDABLE EMOTION TO A 1732 00:59:27,581 --> 00:59:29,115 UNDERSTANDABLE EMOTION TO A TERRIBLE ORDEAL THAT WE’VE ALL 1733 00:59:29,115 --> 00:59:32,185 TERRIBLE ORDEAL THAT WE’VE ALL BEEN THROUGH, HANG IN THERE. 1734 00:59:32,185 --> 00:59:33,786 BEEN THROUGH, HANG IN THERE. THE END IS IN SIGHT. 1735 00:59:33,786 --> 00:59:35,655 THE END IS IN SIGHT. IT’S GOING TO GET BETTER AND 1736 00:59:35,655 --> 00:59:36,856 IT’S GOING TO GET BETTER AND BETTER, EVEN THOUGH, AS MARK 1737 00:59:36,856 --> 00:59:39,993 BETTER, EVEN THOUGH, AS MARK POINTED OUT, WE ARE ON A REALLY 1738 00:59:39,993 --> 00:59:43,563 POINTED OUT, WE ARE ON A REALLY SERIOUS INFLECTION OF THE CURVE, 1739 00:59:43,563 --> 00:59:45,565 SERIOUS INFLECTION OF THE CURVE, THAT WE CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT 1740 00:59:45,565 --> 00:59:46,966 THAT WE CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT BLUNTING THAT CURVE, BY DOING 1741 00:59:46,966 --> 00:59:48,835 BLUNTING THAT CURVE, BY DOING THE FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH 1742 00:59:48,835 --> 00:59:51,371 THE FUNDAMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES THAT AS WE DO IT, THAT 1743 00:59:51,371 --> 00:59:53,773 MEASURES THAT AS WE DO IT, THAT CURVE WILL BEND, IT WILL START 1744 00:59:53,773 --> 00:59:55,575 CURVE WILL BEND, IT WILL START COMING DOWN AND AS VACCINES KICK 1745 00:59:55,575 --> 00:59:57,578 COMING DOWN AND AS VACCINES KICK IN, WE ARE GOING TO START SEEING 1746 00:59:57,578 --> 00:59:58,945 IN, WE ARE GOING TO START SEEING A DRAMATIC CHANGE. 1747 00:59:58,945 --> 01:00:00,180 A DRAMATIC CHANGE. SO MY WORD OF ENCOURAGEMENT IS 1748 01:00:00,180 --> 01:00:02,148 SO MY WORD OF ENCOURAGEMENT IS THAT LET’S ALL HANG IN THERE 1749 01:00:02,148 --> 01:00:03,383 THAT LET’S ALL HANG IN THERE TOGETHER, WE ARE GOING TO GET 1750 01:00:03,383 --> 01:00:06,520 TOGETHER, WE ARE GOING TO GET THROUGH THIS, GUARANTEED. 1751 01:00:06,520 --> 01:00:08,788 THROUGH THIS, GUARANTEED. SPEAK ALL RIGHT, DR. FAUCI, AS 1752 01:00:08,788 --> 01:00:10,589 SPEAK ALL RIGHT, DR. FAUCI, AS ALWAYS, THANK YOU FOR THIS 1753 01:00:10,589 --> 01:00:12,058 ALWAYS, THANK YOU FOR THIS DISCUSSION AND I THINK I SPEAK 1754 01:00:12,058 --> 01:00:13,659 DISCUSSION AND I THINK I SPEAK FOR MOST AMERICANS WHEN I SAY 1755 01:00:13,659 --> 01:00:15,828 FOR MOST AMERICANS WHEN I SAY THIS, BUT THANK YOU FOR YOUR 1756 01:00:15,828 --> 01:00:16,763 THIS, BUT THANK YOU FOR YOUR LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE TO OUR 1757 01:00:16,763 --> 01:00:19,566 LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE TO OUR COUNTRY THROUGH THIS DIFFICULT 1758 01:00:19,566 --> 01:00:20,166 COUNTRY THROUGH THIS DIFFICULT PERIOD. 1759 01:00:20,166 --> 01:00:21,568 PERIOD. WE APPRECIATE IT, I PERSONALLY 1760 01:00:21,568 --> 01:00:23,703 WE APPRECIATE IT, I PERSONALLY APPRECIATE IT. 1761 01:00:23,703 --> 01:00:24,704 APPRECIATE IT. AND HOPE YOU STAY GOOD AND I 1762 01:00:24,704 --> 01:00:26,806 AND HOPE YOU STAY GOOD AND I HOPE TO EVERYONE WATCHING THIS 1763 01:00:26,806 --> 01:00:28,841 HOPE TO EVERYONE WATCHING THIS THAT YOU ALL STAY HEALTHY AND 1764 01:00:28,841 --> 01:00:32,645 THAT YOU ALL STAY HEALTHY AND GOOD AND I WILL SEE YOU ALL SOON 1765 01:00:32,645 --> 01:00:32,845 GOOD AND I WILL SEE YOU ALL SOON SOON. 1766 01:00:32,845 --> 01:00:34,113 SOON. >> THANK YOU, MARK, THANK YOU 1767 01:00:34,113 --> 01:00:35,215 >> THANK YOU, MARK, THANK YOU FOR BEING THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE 1768 01:00:35,215 --> 01:00:35,881 FOR BEING THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE WITH YOU. 1769 01:00:35,881 --> 01:00:38,117 WITH YOU. I REALLY APPRECIATE IT,